Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T12:50:26.223Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

LIFE HISTORIES, FLIGHT PATTERNS, AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF NINE CUTWORMS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN MANITOBA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

G.L. Ayre  and
R.J. Lamb
G.L. Ayre
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Six of the nine most common indigenous species of noctuid moths caught in a light trap at Glenlea, Man., over an 11-year period were univoltine and three were typically bivoltine but sometimes trivoltine. For the univoltine species, the day of peak catch and the day of 50% catch differed only by 3 days or less during 11 years. The timing of flight periods of Feltia jaculifera (Gn.), F. herilis (Grt.), Agrotis venerabilis Wlk., and Nephelodes minians Gn. were not influenced by the degree-days above 10 °C and the standard deviation of the date of 50% catch for these species was within 5–6 days. The date of 50% catch was more variable for Crymodes devastator (Brace) and Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.), and the variation for the latter was partly explained by a relationship between flight dates and accumulated degree-days above 10 °C. For the multivoltine species, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Discestra trifolii (Hufn.), and Xestia adela Franc., the day of peak catch for two generations also varied little from the day of 50% catch for each generation, but the day on which peaks occurred varied from year to year. Only for the first generation of D. trifolii was the day of 50% catch correlated with accumulated degree-days over 10 °C. Moth numbers for each species were not necessarily high when there were reports of crop damage by their respective larvae. There was no correlation between catches of moths in the first and second generation of multivoltine species, and there were no patterns of population trends among any of the economically important species. The life history, feeding habits, and economic importance of each species are discussed.

Résumé

Six espèces indigènes d’adultes de vers-gris des plus communs, prises dans un piège de lumière à Glenlea, Man., pendant une période de 11 ans se sont avérées univoltines et trois espèces, bivoltines et parfois trivoltines. Dans le cas des espèces univoltines, le jour de l’apogée et celui de prise de 50% des adultes ont varié de 3 jours ou moins pendant 11 ans. La synchronisation de périodes de vol de Feltia jaculifera (Gn.), F. herilis (Grt.), Agrotis venerabilis Wlk. et Nephelodes minians Gn. n’a pas été sous l’influence des degrés-jours au-dessus de 10 °C et l’écart type de la date de prise de 50% de chacune de ces espèces a été de 5 ou 6 jours. Les dates de prise de plus de 50% des adultes ont été plus changeantes pour Crymodes devastator (Brace) et pour Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.), la variabilité dans le cas du dernier étant explicable en partie par un rapport entre les dates de vol et les degrés-jours au-dessus de 10 °C courus. Pour les espèces multivoltines, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Discestra trifolii (Hufn.) et Xestia adela Franc, le jour d’apogée de la prise pendant deux générations n’a varié que de très peu de celui de la date de prise de 50% des adultes de chaque génération, cependant la date d’apogée a varié d’année en année. Pour D. trifolii le jour de prise de 50% des adultes n’a pas correspondu avec les degrés-jours au-dessus de 10 °C courus que dans le cas de la première génération. Le nombre d’adultes de chaque espèce n’a pas été nécessairement élevé même quand ont été reçus des rapports de dégâts aux récoltes-hôtes par les larves de ces espèces. Aucune corrélation n’a eu lieu entre la prise d’adultes de la première et de la deuxième générations des espèces multivoltines, ni n’a eu aucun patron de cours de population parmi les espèces d’importance économique. Les cycles de transformation, l’alimentation et l’importance économique de chaque espèce ont été discutés.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 122 , Issue 6 , December 1990 , pp. 1059 - 1070
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Contribution No. 1397.

References

Ayre, G.L. 1985. Cold tolerance of Pseudaletia unipuncta and Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Can. Ent. 117: 1055–1060.10.4039/Ent1171055-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayre, G.L., Turnock, W.J., and Struble, D.L.. 1982 a. Spatial and temporal variability in sex attractant trap catches of Scotogramma trifolii (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in relation to its biology in Manitoba. Can. Ent. 114: 145–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayre, G.L., Turnock, W.J., and Struble, D.L.. 1982 b. Spatial and temporal variability in sex attractant trap catches of Euxoa messoria and E. ochragaster (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in relation to their biology in Manitoba. Can. Ent. 114: 993–1001.10.4039/Ent114993-11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balduf, W.V. 1931. The oviposition habits of Feltia subgothica Haw. (Noctuidae, Lep.). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 33: 81–88.Google Scholar
Baskerville, G.L., and Emin, P.. 1969. Rapid estimation of heat accumulation from maximum and minimum temperatures. Ecology 50: 514–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beirne, B.P. 1971. Pest insects of annual crop plants in Canada. I Lepidoptera, II Diptera, III Coleoptera. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 78. 124 pp.Google Scholar
Breeland, S.G. 1958. Biological studies on the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), in Tennessee (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 33: 263–350.Google Scholar
Bucher, G.E., and Bracken, G.K.. 1976. The bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Artificial diet and rearing technique. Can. Ent. 108: 1327–1338.10.4039/Ent1081327-12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bues, R., Poitout, S., Robin, J.C., and Anglade, P.. 1987. Études en conditions contrôlées des limites thermiques au développement de Mythimna unipuncta Haw. (Lep. Noctuidae). Acta Oecologica, Oecol. appl. 8: 79–89.Google Scholar
Crumb, S.E. 1929. Tobacco cutworms. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 88. 180 pp.Google Scholar
Crumb, S.E. 1956. The larvae of the Plalaenidae. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 1135. 356 pp.Google Scholar
Forbes, W.T.M. 1954. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part III, Noctuidae, Cornell University Agric. Exp. Stn. 433 pp.Google Scholar
Fields, P.G., and McNeil, J.N.. 1984. The overwintering potential of the true armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), populations in Quebec. Can. Ent. 116: 1647–1652.10.4039/Ent1161647-12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, A. 1915. Cutworms and their control. Can. Dep. Agric. Bull. 10. 31 pp.Google Scholar
Godfrey, G.L. 1972. A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 1450. 265 pp.Google Scholar
Guppy, J.C. 1961. Life history and behaviour of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in eastern Canada. Can. Ent. 93: 1141–1153.10.4039/Ent931141-12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guppy, J.C. 1969. Some effects of temperature on the immature stages of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), under controlled conditions. Can. Ent. 101: 1320–1327.10.4039/Ent1011320-12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, W.C., Hartsock, J.G., and Rohwer, G.G.. 1966. Blacklight trap standards for general insect surveys. Bull. ent. Soc. Am. 12: 31–32.Google Scholar
Hardwick, D.F. 1965. The ochrogaster group of the genus Euxoa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with description of a new species. Can. Ent. 97: 673–678.10.4039/Ent97673-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodges, R.W. et al. , 1983. Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. Univ Press, Cambridge. 284.Google Scholar
Holland, W.J. 1968. The Moth Book, Dover Publications, New York, NY. 479 pp.Google Scholar
King, K.M. 1926. The red-backed cutworm and its control in the prairie provinces. Can. Dep. Agric. Pamphlet 69 (new series), 13 pp.Google Scholar
Knutson, H. 1944. Minnesota Phalaenidae (Noctuidae). Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 165. 128 pp.Google Scholar
Luckman, W.H., Shaw, J.T., Sherrod, D.W., and Ruesink, W.G.. 1976. Developmental rate of the black cutworm. J. econ. Ent. 69: 386–388.10.1093/jee/69.3.386CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeil, J.N. 1987. The true armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta: a victim of the pied piper or a seasonal migrant? Insect Sci. Appl. 8: 591–597.Google Scholar
Morris, R.F. 1980. Butterflies and moths of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Macrolepidoptera. Agric. Can. Publ. 1691. 407 pp.Google Scholar
Rings, R.W., and Arnold, F.J.. 1977. Geographical distribution and economic importance of the clay-backed, dingy, dusky, and sandhill cutworms, U.S.D.A. Coop. Plant Pest Rep. 2 (48–52): 881–886.Google Scholar
Rings, R.W., Baughman, B.A., and Arnold, F.J.. 1975. An annotated bibliography of the dingy cutworm complex. Ohio Agric. Res. Dev. Center, Res. Circ. 202. 31 pp.Google Scholar
Rockburne, E.W., and Lafontaine, J.D.. 1976. The cutworm moths of Ontario and Quebec. Can. Dep. Agric. Res. Branch Publ. 1593. 164 pp.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5 Edition. Cary, NC. 956 pp.Google Scholar
Steck, W., Underhill, E.W., Baily, B.K., and Chisholm, M.D.. 1977. A sex attractant for male moths of the glassy cutworm Crymodes devastator (Brace): a mixture of Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate, Z-11-hexadecenal and Z-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate. Environ. Ent. 6: 270–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, R.G.D., and Torrie, J.H.. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. 663 pp.Google Scholar
Struble, D.L., and Swailes, G.E.. 1975. A sex attractant for the clover cutworm, Scotogramma trifolii (Rotten-berg), a mixture of Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate and Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol. Environ. Ent. 4 632–636.10.1093/ee/4.4.632CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamaki, G., Moffitt, H.H., and Turner, J.E.. 1975. The influence of perennial weeds on the abundance of the redbacked cutworm on asparagus. Environ. Ent. 4: 274–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tietz, H.M. 1972. An index to the described life histories, early stages and hosts of the macrolepidoptera of the continental United States and Canada. A.C. Allyn, Sarasota, FL. 1041 pp.Google Scholar