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Phylogenetic framework for Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) based on combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA and morphology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Yanli Du ,
Amanda D. Roe  and
Felix A.H. Sperling
Yanli Du
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
Amanda D. Roe
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
Felix A.H. Sperling*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
*
2 Corresponding author (e-mail: felix.sperling@ualberta.ca).
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Abstract

Coneworms of the genus Dioryctria Zeller are important lepidopterous pests of conifer cones throughout the Holarctic region. Seventy-nine Dioryctria species are currently recognized and arranged into 11 species groups, but a globally unified classification of these species groups has not been attained. We surveyed 14 Dioryctria species belonging to 7 species groups recognized as being taxonomically problematic. Mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological characters were used to resolve relationships among and within species groups and species. Sequences were obtained for 2.3 kb of the mitochondrial COI + COII genes and related to 52 morphological characters. Parsimony analyses of separate and combined data showed that (i) the five included Chinese species (D. abietella (Denis and Schiffermüller), D. rubella Hampson, D. nr. rubella, D. magnifica Munroe, and D. yiai Mutuura and Munroe) were distinct from the North American taxa, and their relationships were interspersed among Nearctic and European species; (ii) three of the four species groups represented by more than one species formed robust, well-supported clades (abietella group, sylvestrella group, and zimmermani group) for both mtDNA sequences and morphology; (iii) mtDNA and morphology gave conflicting interspecific and intergroup relationships for the auranticella, schuetzeella, ponderosae, and baumhoferi groups; (iv) all eight species for which more than one specimen was sampled were characterized by discrete clusters of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, and mtDNA divergences among species in the same species group were generally less than those among species in different species groups; and (v) combining mtDNA data with morphological data increased support for most nodes in the phylogeny, with morphological characters providing support for species groups and mtDNA being essential for distinguishing species within species groups. This study demonstrates the value of a combined analysis of both mtDNA and morphological characters and establishes a phylogenetic framework for broader and more comprehensive studies of Dioryctria species.

Résumé

Les pyrales des cônes du genre Dioryctria Zeller sont des ravageurs importants des cônes de conifères dans toute la région holarctique. On reconnaît actuellement 79 espèces de Dioryctria regroupées en 11 groupes d'espèces, mais il n'existe pas de classification uniforme de ces groupes d'espèces à l'échelle globale. Nous avons étudié 14 espèces de Dioryctria appartenant à 7 groupes d'espèces reconnus comme posant des problèmes taxonomiques. Des séquences d'ADN mitochondrial et des caractères morphologiques nous ont servi à établir les relations entre les groupes d'espèces et les espèces et à l'intérieur de ces catégories. Nous avons obtenu des séquences de 2,3 kb des gènes mitochondriaux COI + COII et nous avons comparé 52 caractères morphologiques. Des analyses de parcimonie des données séparées et regroupées indiquent que (i) les cinq espèces chinoises étudiées (D. abietella (Denis et Schiffermüller), D. rubella Hampson, D. près de rubella, D. magnifica Munroe et D. yiai Mutuura et Munroe) sont distinctes des taxons nord-américains et leurs relations sont dispersées parmi des espèces européennes et néarctiques, (ii) trois des quatre groupes d'espèces étudiés et représentés par plus d'une espèce (groupes d'abietella, de sylvestrella et de zimmermani) forment des clades robustes bien définis tant par les séquences d'ADN que par la morphologie, (iii) les relations inter-groupes et intra-groupes établies à partir de l'ADNmt et de la morphologie sont souvent incompatibles entre elles chez les groupes d'auranticella, de schuetzeella, de ponderosae et de baumhoferi, (iv) les espèces sont caractérisées par des regroupements distincts d'haplotypes d'ADN mitochondrial chez l'ensemble des huit espèces chez lesquelles plus d'un spécimen a été examiné et les divergences d'ADNmt entre les espèces dans un même groupe d'espèces sont généralement moindres qu'entre les groupes d'espèces eux-mêmes, (v) la combinaison des données d'ADNmt et des données morphologiques vient généralement raffermir la définition des principaux noyaux de la phylogénie; les données morphologiques appuient la définition des groupes d'espèces et les données d'ADNmt sont essentielles pour distinguer les espèces au sein des groupes d'espèces. Notre étude démontre l'avantage de combiner les caractéristiques de l'ADNmt et de la morphologie et elle fournit un cadre phylogénétique pour des études élargies et plus complètes des espèces de Dioryctria.

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Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 137 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 685 - 711
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2005

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