Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T16:46:31.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF EMERGENCE FOR WITHIN-TREE POPULATIONS OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Robert N. Coulson ,
W. Scott Fargo ,
Paul E. Pulley ,
Don N. Pope ,
John L. Foltz  and
Audrey M. Bunting
Robert N. Coulson
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
W. Scott Fargo
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
Paul E. Pulley
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
Don N. Pope
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
John L. Foltz
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
Audrey M. Bunting
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Spatial and temporal patterns of Dendroctonus frontalis emerging from loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, were studied. Daily emergence was measured at 1.5-m intervals along the infested bole on nine trees Emerging beetles from three of the trees were collected and their sex identified. Topological estimates of daily emergence on all trees were computed and the spatial and temporal patterns of emergence were described using three and five parameter models. Emergence followed the same general pattern at each of the 1.5-m sampling intervals. Peak density of emergence occurred at ca. 0.25 of the process time span (day 7) and declined thereafter. Emergence density was highest at the 3.5-m interval and tapered gradually towards the top of the tree and abruptly towards the bottom. The process took ca. 28 days for completion. Emergence partitioned by sex followed the same general pattern as observed for the combined sexes. The cumulative sex ratio of emerging beetles was essentially 1:1 at each height interval.

Since the curves at the various height intervals were similar, emergence was described as an average process for the entire tree. The essential features of the process were retained in the average analysis. A probability distribution function defined for emergence permits calculation of the distribution of beetles from host trees provided the cumulative density is known. A frequency histogram illustrating the range in observed emergence density over a three year period was also included.

Adult populations of D. frontalis available for colonization were interpreted as a single process “allocation.” The allocation process was defined by two components, re-emergence and emergence, and had the following characteristics: (1) it is continous for each tree in the infestation, (2) it is distinct for each tree, (3) it is bimodal in intensity, and (4) the components may operate together or independently. The allocation concept was used to interpret the manner in which D. frontalis infestations have been observed to develop.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 111 , Issue 3 , March 1979 , pp. 273 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Amman, G. D. 1969. Mountain pine beetle emergence in relation to depth of lodgepole pine bark. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Res. Note INT-96. 8 pp.Google Scholar
Amman, G. D. 1972. Mountain pine beetle brood production in relation to thickness of lodgepole pine phloem. J. econ. Ent. 65: 138–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berryman, A. A. 1974. Dynamics of bark beetle populations: Towards a general productivity model. Environ. Ent. 3: 579–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berryman, A. A. 1976. Theoretical explanation of mountain pine beetle dynamics in lodgepole pine forests. Environ. Ent. 5: 1225–1233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, W. E., Amman, G. D., and Jensen, C. E.. 1976. Mathematical models for the mountain pine beetle-lodgepole pine interaction. Environ. Ent. 5: 11–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coster, J. E., Payne, T. L., Hart, E. R., Edson, L. J.. 1977. Aggregation of the southern pine beetle in response to attractive host trees. Environ. Ent. 6: 725–731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulson, R. N., Hain, F. P., Foltz, J. L., and Mayyasi, A. M.. 1975. Techniques for sampling the dynamics of southern pine beetle populations. Misc. Publ. Texas agric. Exp. Stn. 1185. 18 pp.Google Scholar
Coulson, R. N., Mayyasi, A. M., Foltz, J. L., and Pulley, P. E.. 1976 a. Production flow system evaluation of within-tree populations of Dendroctonus frontalis. Environ. Ent. 5: 375–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulson, R. N., Foltz, J. L., Mayyasi, A. M., and Hain, F. P.. 1976 b. Quantitative evaluation of frontalure-cacodylic acid treatment effects on within-tree populations of the southern pine beetle. J. econ. Ent. 68: 671–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulson, R. N., Mayyasi, A. M., Foltz, J. L., and Hain, F. P.. 1976 c. Resource utilization by the southern pine beetle. Can. Ent. 108: 353–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulson, R. N., Pulley, P. E., Foltz, J. L., Martin, W. C., and Kelley, C. L.. 1977. Survival models for within-tree populations of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 109: 1971–1977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulson, R. N., Fargo, W. S., Pulley, P. E., Foltz, J. L., Pope, D. N., Richerson, J. V., and Payne, T. L.. 1978. Evaluation of the re-emergence process of parent adult Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 110: 475–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLeon, D., Bedard, W. D., and Terrell, T. T.. 1934. Recent discoveries concerning the biology of the mountain pine beetle and their effects on control in western white pine stands. J. For. 32: 430–436.Google Scholar
DeMars, C. J., Dahlsten, D. L., and Stark, R. W.. 1970. Survivorship curves for eight generations of the western pine beetle in California, 1962-1965, and a preliminary life table. pp. 134–146in Stark, R. W. and Dahlsten, D. L. (Eds.), Studies on the population dynamics of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). U. California, Berkeley, Div. Agr. Sci.Google Scholar
Fargo, W. S., Coulson, R. N., Pulley, P. E., Pope, D. N., and Kelley, C. L.. 1978. Spatial and temporal patterns of within-tree colonization by Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 110: 1213–1232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foltz, J. L., Pulley, P. E., Coulson, R. N., and Martin, W. C.. 1977. Procedural guide for estimating within-spot populations of Dendroctonus frontalis. Misc. Publ. Texas agric. Exp. Stn 1316. 27 pp.Google Scholar
Gray, B., Billings, R. F., Gara, R. I., and Johnsey, R. L.. 1972. On the emergence and initial flight behavior of the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae in Eastern Washington. Z. angew. Ent. 71: 250–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanier, G. N. and Oliver, J. H.. 1966. “Sex Ratio” condition: Unusual mechanisms in bark beetles. Science 153: 208–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lanier, G. N. and Wood, D. L.. 1968. Controlled mating, karyology, morphology, and sex-ratio in the Dendroctonus ponderosae complex. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 517–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayyasi, A. M., Coulson, R. N., Foltz, J. L., and Hain, F. P.. 1976. The functional description of within-tree larval and progeny adult populations of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 108: 363–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCelland, W. T., Hain, F. P., DeMars, C. J., Fargo, W. S., Coulson, R. N., and Nebeker, T. E.. 1978. Sampling bark beetle emergence: a review of methodologies, a proposal for standardization, and new trap design. Bull. ent. Soc. Am. 24: 137–140.Google Scholar
McGhehey, J. H. 1969. Sex ratio of individual broods of mountain pine beetle. Bi-mon. Res. Notes 25: 2.Google Scholar
Osgood, E. A. Jr., and Clark, E. W.. 1963. Methods of sexing and sex ratios of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. Can. Ent. 95: 1106–1109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulley, P. E., Mayyasi, A. M., Foltz, J. L., Coulson, R. N., and Martin, W. C.. 1976. Topological mapping to estimate numbers of bark-inhabiting insects. Environ. Ent. 5: 714–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulley, P. E., Coulson, R. N., Foltz, J. L., Martin, W. C, and Kelley, C. L.. 1977 a. Sampling intensity, informational content of samples, and precision in estimating within-tree populations of Dendroctonus frontalis. Environ. Ent. 6: 607–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulley, P. E., Foltz, J. L., Coulson, R. N., and Martin, W. C.. 1977 b. Evaluation of procedures for estimating within-spot populations of attacking adult Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 109: 325–334.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, L. A. 1974. Flight and attack behavior of mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine in northern Utah and southern Idaho. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Res. Note INT-180. 7 pp.Google Scholar
Reid, R. W. 1958. The behavior of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk, during mating, egg laying, and gallery construction. Can. Ent. 90: 505–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, R. W. 1963. Biology of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae (Hopkins) in the east Kootenay region of British Columbia. III. Interaction between the beetle and its host, with emphasis on brood mortality and survival. Can. Ent. 95: 225–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renwich, J. A. A. and Vité, J. P.. 1969. Bark beetle attractants: Mechanism of colonization by Dendroctonus frontalis. Nature 224: 1222–1223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renwich, J. A. A. and Vité, J. P.. 1970. Systems of chemical communication in Dendroctonus. Symp. on Population Attractants, Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. Pl. Res. 24: 283–292.Google Scholar
Safranyik, L. and Jahren, R.. 1970. Emergence patterns of the mountain pine beetle from lodgepole pine. Bi-mon. Res. Notes 25: 11, 19.Google Scholar
Thatcher, R. C. 1971. Seasonal behavior of the southern pine beetle in Central Louisiana. Ph.D. dissertation, Auburn Univ. 102 pp.Google Scholar
Thatcher, R. C. and Pickard, L. S.. 1967. Seasonal development of the southern pine beetle in East Texas. J. econ. Ent. 60: 656–658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar