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SURVEY AND RELEASE OF PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA) ATTACKING HOUSE AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN DAIRY OPERATIONS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Tanja McKay  and
Terry D. Galloway
Tanja McKay
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Terry D. Galloway*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
*
2E-mail: Terry_Galloway@nmanitoha.ca
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Abstract

In 1995, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a commercially available pupal parasitoid of the house fly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), was purchased to examine the status of wasps being sold to Manitoba producers. Percentage of pupae parasitized, numbers of parasitoids per pupa, total parasitoids, and parasitoid sex ratio were determined for each shipment of parasitoids received. To determine the extent to which these wasps could successfully parasitize house flies and stable flies, parasitoids were released weekly in four Manitoba dairy barns and levels of parasitism estimated. In 10 622 freeze-killed sentinel house fly pupae, 2.2% were parasitized throughout the season by N. vitripennis, and 5.8% were parasitized by eight other species of parasitoids. Of 11 897 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae, 0.6% were parasitized by N. vitripennis, and 3.4% by eight other species of parasitoids. In four barns where there were no releases of N. vitripennis, 1.1% of 11 779 sentinel pupae were parasitized by four species of parasitoids and 3.8% of 8384 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae were parasitized by nine species. The release of an estimated 3 648 093 N. vitripennis did not result in substantial parasitism in either sentinel pupae or naturally occurring pupae. In 1996, live sentinel house fly pupae (n = 50 842) and house fly and stable fly pupae occurring naturally (n = 4691) were collected in two of the nonrelease barns from the 1995 study to examine the activity of endemic parasitoids. Of the sentinel and naturally occurring pupae sampled, 4.0% and 9.4% were parasitized, respectively. Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhörst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was the most abundant parasitoid, accounting for 97.4% and 79.9% of parasitoids collected from sentinel pupae and naturally occurring pupae, respectively. Other parasitoids included Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead), Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, Spalangia subpunctata Först, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia nigra Latreille, and a species of Trichomalopsis Crawford (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

Résumé

En 1995, nous avons acheté des Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae), parasitoïdes vendus dans le commerce pour tuer les pupes de la Mouche domestique, Musca domestica L. et de la Mouche des étables, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera : Muscidae), dans le but d’examiner le statut des guêpes vendues aux producteurs manitobains. Le pourcentage de pupes parasitées, le nombre de parasitoïdes par pupe, le nombre total de parasitoïdes et le rapport mâles : femelles des parasitoïdes ont été déterminés pour chaque envoi de parasitoïdes reçu. Pour déterminer la capacité des guêpes de s’établir chez les mouches, nous avons libéré des parasitoïdes chaque semaine dans quatre fermes laitières et évalué les taux de parasitisme. Parmi 10 622 pupes expérimentales de la Mouche domestique tuées par congélation, 2,2% était parasitées pendant toute la saison par N. vitripennis, alors que 5,8% étaient parasitées par huit autres espèces de parasitoïdes. Parmi 11 897 pupes de mouches présentes naturellement, 0,6% étaient parasitées par N. vitripennis et 3,4% par huit autres espèces de parasitoïdes. Dans quatre granges où il n’y a pas eu libération de parasitoïdes, 1,1% de 11 779 pupes expérimentales ont été parasitées par quatre espèces de parasitoïdes et 3,8% de 8384 pupes de mouches des deux espèces présentes naturellement étaient parasitées par neuf espèces. La libération de 3 648 093 N. vitripennis (nombre estimé) n’a pas résulté en un parasitisme très important des pupes expérimentales ou des pupes présentes naturellement. En 1996, des pupes expérimentales vivantes de la Mouche domestique (n = 50 842) et des pupes présentes naturellement de la Mouche des étables et de la Mouche domestique (n = 4691) ont été recueillies dans deux fermes où il n’y a pas eu libération de parasites en 1995 et nous avons étudié l’activité des parasitoïdes endémiques. Parmi les pupes expérimentales, 4,0% étaient parasitées, alors que, parmi les pupes présentes naturellement, 9,4% étaient parasitées. Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhörst (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) était le parasitoïde le plus abondant, responsable de 97,4% du parasitisme des pupes expérimentales et de 79,9% du parasitisme des pupes présentes naturellement. Parmi les autres parasitoïdes, il faut mentionner Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead), Muscidifurax raptor Girault et Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan et Legner, Spalangia subpunctata Först, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia nigra Latreille, et une espèce de Trichomalopsis Crawford (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae).

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 6 , December 1999 , pp. 743 - 756
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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