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AGAPETA ZOEGANA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: COCHYLIDAE), A SUITABLE PROSPECT FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SPOTTED AND DIFFUSE KNAPWEED, CENTAUREA MACULOSA MONNET DE LA MARCK AND CENTAUREA DIFFUSA MONNET DE LA MARCK (COMPOSITAE) IN NORTH AMERICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

H. Müller ,
D. Schroeder  and
A. Gassmann
H. Müller
Affiliation:
C.A.B. International Institute of Biological Control, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland
D. Schroeder
Affiliation:
C.A.B. International Institute of Biological Control, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland
A. Gassmann
Affiliation:
C.A.B. International Institute of Biological Control, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland
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Abstract

The taxonomy, distribution, life history, and host plant relationships of the cochylid moth Agapeta zoegana (L.), an oligophagous, facultatively multivoltine root feeder, are discussed. The results of oviposition and larval feeding tests with 56 plant species in five families are presented and show that A. zoegana is restricted to a few closely related species of Centaurea. In Europe the moth is widely distributed and abundant in the majority of the root-feeding guilds of Centaurea maculosa Monnet de la Marck studied, with densities of 23.6 larvae per 100 roots in eastern Austria/northwestern Hungary and less than 8 larvae per 100 roots in central Hungary and the Alsace. The acceptance of target North American species (the tetraploid form of C. maculosa and the diploid Centaurea diffusa Monnet de la Marck), the damage caused, and the active searching ability rate A. zoegana as a potentially effective natural enemy of spotted and diffuse knapweed in North America. Agapeta zoegana will be especially promising as it predominantly attacks the rosette, which is, according to a recently developed population model for diffuse knapweed in Canada, the most sensitive stage determining equilibrium knapweed density. Agapeta zoegana is compatible with Pelochrista medullana Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae), another knapweed root feeder recently introduced into North America, and will complement the seed-feeding species already established. The moth was approved for release in Canada and the USA and has been established in British Columbia since 1984 on C. diffusa.

Résumé

Cette contribution porte sur la taxonomie, la distribution, le cycle vital et les relations avec les plantes-hôtes du papillon cochylide Agapeta zoegana (L.), une espèce radicicole oligophage facultativement multivoltine. Les résultats de tests de ponte et d’alimentation des larves avec 56 espèces de plantes appartenant à cinq familles sont rapportés, et montrent que A. zoegana est spécifique de quelques espèces apparentées de Centaurea. En Europe le papillon est largement distribué et abondant dans la majorité des communautés radicicoles associées à Centaurea maculosa Monnet de la Marck qui ont été étudiées, avec des densités de 23,6 larves par 100 racines dans l’est de l’Autriche–nord de la Hongrie, et moins de 8 larves par 100 racines en Hongrie centrale et en Alsace. L’acceptation d’espèces nord-américaines visées, la forme tétraploïde de C. maculosa et l’espèce diploïde C. diffusa Monnet de la Marck, les dommages infligés, de même que la capacité de recherche élevée de A. zoegana en font un auxiliaire naturel de lutte contre la centaurée maculée et la centaurée diffuse en Amérique du Nord. Agapeta zoegana sera d’autant plus efficace qu’il attaque la rosette, soit le stade critique pour la détermination de la densité d’équilibre de la centaurée d’après un modèle démographique de la centaurée diffuse récemment mis au point au Canada. Agapeta zoegana est compatible avec Pelochrista medullana Staudinger (Lepidoptera : Cochylidae), une autre espèce radicicole associée à la centaurée qui a été récemment introduite en Amérique du Nord, et s’ajoutera donc aux espèces déjà établies. Le relâchement du papillon a été approuvé au Canada et aux USA, et il est établi en Colombie-Britannique depuis 1984 sur C. diffusa.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 120 , Issue 2 , February 1988 , pp. 109 - 124
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

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