None of five mixtures of protein hydrolysate and azinphosmethyl which were applied as foliar sprays (1.0, 2.0, 5.0% yeast hydrolysate, 2.0% corn hydrolysate, and 2.0% soy hydrolysate) killed significantly more apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella, or black cherry fruit flies, R. fausta, than a spray of azinphosmethyl alone which was used as a control. This suggests that hydrolysate bait sprays would be no more effective than a toxicant alone in controlling these flies.

At constant temperatures between 10.0° and 32.2°C with 16 h photoperiod development of eggs and nymphs was slowest at 10.0° (61.8 days av.) and most rapid at 26.7°C (27.0 days av.). Mortality of eggs and nymphs was moderate (43.7%) at 10.0°, least (24.2%) at 21.1°, and 100% at 32.2°C. Between 15.6° and 35.0°C, 16 h photoperiod, fecundity of winter form adults was greatest (486.3 eggs av) at 15.6° and lowest (0.0 eggs) at 35.0°C. For summer form adults fecundity was moderate (212.4 eggs av.) at 15.6°, maximum (444.9 and 447.3 eggs av., respectively) at 21.1° and 26.7°C, and least (2.8 eggs av.) at 35.0°C. Longevity of male and female winter and summer forms was greatest at the low temperature and least at the high temperature. These data are discussed with relation to field observations of natural pear psylla populations and control programs.

Two leafroller spades are major pests of apple in British Columbia, Archips argyrospilus (Walker) and Archips rosanus (Linnaeus). Field observations showed that both species overwinter in the egg stage and that larval emergence times are similar. Experiments demonstrated that both species are susceptible to sprays of azinphos-methyl, diazinon, or trichlorfon applied at either the pink bud or petal fall stages. Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) failed to control larvae of either species.

The type material added to the Coleoptera Section of the Canadian National Collection of Insects from 1 January 1969 to 31 December 1973 is catalogued. This new material consists of 258 holotypes and 129 allotypes; 42 species are represented by syntypes and 499 by paratypes or paralectotypes. The reference to the original description for each species is cited. All data associated with the specimens are quoted except in the case of paratypes, paralectotypes, and syntypes. An index to all species is included.

The detection of insect infestation by the Canadian Grain Commission is decreased in efficiency by the mortality of adult beetles in the pneumatic sample delivery systems used in terminal elevators in the Vancouver, B.C., area. Dead insects are difficult to see while grading the grain and cannot be extracted by Berlese funnels.

The level of mortality varied with the species of beetle and the system tested, but not with the type of grain. In one system the following mortalities were found: Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), 73%; Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), 65%; Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), 65%; and Sitophilus granarius (L.), 22%. C. ferrugineus, the most important insect infesting Canadian grain, sustained an average mortality of 55% in the five systems tested. No consistent mortality pattern was found among the systems with respect to delivery tube length, number of turns, or approximate grain speed. Berlese funnel extraction was found to be inefficient for O. surinamensis and inconsistent for S. granarius.

The overwintering mature larva of the parasite Anastatus disparis Ruschka within the intact gypsy moth, Lymantria (= Porthetria) dispar L., egg chorion is susceptible to freezing and has a mean supercooling point of −28.8±0.14°C. This level of cold hardiness is not increased by exposure to sublethal low temperatures. Over 85% of larvae survived 10 months at 0°C and 4 days at −12° or −18°C, both followed by an additional 2–3 months at 0°C, but over half of the survivors went into prolonged diapause which was not fulfilled by subsequent rearing at room temperature. The parasite is apparently capable of surviving winter conditions over the same geographic area in Canada as the gypsy moth, and the introduction of A. disparts into locations in Canada where gypsy moth is now present is recommended.

Nymphs and adults of Gerris remigis Say were collected for 7 months from a stream with only this species of Gerridae. The colour markings of the nymphal stadia are described and illustrated. Measurements of antennal and hind limb segments are given and these can be used to distinguish successive instars.

The study examined quantitatively the effects of embryonic development in the preceding fall and cumulative heat units from 1 April to 31 July in the current year on density trends of three major grasshopper species (Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), M. bivittatus (Say), and Camnula pellucida (Scudder)) in Saskatchewan. The influence of adult density of the previous year, embryonic development, heat units, and their interactions were examined by multiple regression analyses for each of the three species to determine their contribution to next year’s adult populations. The models tended to underestimate density during a population increase and to overestimate during a population decline. Combined heat units during the preceding fall and following spring indicated that a general increase in density should occur when heat units were equal to or greater than 1600 °D50.

Neoconocephalus ensiger (Harris) mating is described from field observations. The sequence of mating events is presented along with a brief description of the physical parameters of the calling song. Mating differs from other tettigoniids in that the copulation time is longer and there is no external evidence of a spermatophore. The significance of these differences is discussed.

Cardiastethus borealis n. sp. is described from Canada, and Melanocoris longirostris n. sp. from Canada and western United States. Two species described from Europe, Acompocoris pygmaeus (Fallen) and Temnostethus gracilis Horvath, are recorded for the first time from North America. Adults and male genital claspers are illustrated and scanning electron micrographs of their osteolar canals are included.

Data from black fly traps in Deep River over the past 5 years indicate that larvicides applied to breeding sites in streams surrounding the town have substantially reduced the numbers of this pest. Very high numbers occurred in 1972, the result of invasion associated with high westerly and northerly winds at a critical period of time or with heavy protective snow cover during the preceding winter. The lowest population levels occurred in 1975, when treatment included a stream near the town which had not been treated previously. The results indicate that with proper stream management it is possible to substantially reduce the nuisance value of black flies in a small northern town.

Male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar (L.)) have a superposition compound eye. Electroretinogram (ERG) responses indicate low sensitivity in the ultraviolet region, higher sensitivity from 480 to 590 nm, and essentially no sensitivity in the red region. The microspectrophotometric absorption spectrum of the visual screening pigments shows low absorption in the ultraviolet and red regions and high absorption from 400 to 600 nm. Screening pigments migrate in response to illumination during diurnal activity periods, so the eye acts in the photopic mode. Because these pigments are essentially transparent to ultraviolet wavelengths, the eye may be in effect acting simultaneously in the scotopic mode for these wavelengths.

A sex pheromone was detected in female moths of the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (L.). Laboratory tests with synthetic compounds established that the male moths exhibited sexual responses to E-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate and they were attracted to this compound in the field. Mixtures of E-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate containing 5, 10, or 80% of the Z-isomer inhibited the attraction of the male beet webworm moths. Mixtures containing 5 or 10% of the Z-isomer attracted male moths of Lymnaecia phragmitella Stainton (Cosmopterygidae). Male moths of Hysterosia cartwrightana Kearfott (Phaloniidae) were also attracted to E-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate in traps placed at a height of 0.3 m, with only a few attracted to traps at 1 m as used for the beet webworm.

Plants of the genus Taxus have pharmacologically active materials that elicit hypotensive effects and act on the cardiovascular musculature of dogs (Bourbeau 1954; Duval, unpub. data, 1974). Extracts from Taxus canadensis (Marsh) are more potent than those from T. baccata L. (Vohora 1972). In an investigation of Canadian plants for insecticidal and pharmacological activities, we observed that no insects fed on plants of the genus Taxus. Therefore we tested the toxicity of aqueous extracts of T. canadensis on two species of insects, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Tribolium confusum Duval (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Hemocytes of Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.) were examined as suspended cells or as slides from a culot. Five types of hemocytes were identified: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular hemocytes, spherule cells, and oenocytoids. The low numbers of prohemocytes and oenocytoids, the significant decrease in the number of plasmatocytes in last larval stages, and the corresponding increase in granular and spherule cells have been compared with existent literature. Total hemocyte counts were also made.

The effect of temperature on the age-specific fecundity and the survival of apterous and alate virginoparous pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from Kamloops, B.C., was measured. Demographic statistics were estimated for 10.3°, 14.8°, 19.7°, 26.1°, and 27.8°C constant and for fluctuating field temperatures. On a 24-h-day time-scale, temperature and longevity were inversely related in both morphs; total fecundity was highest at average and low constant temperatures. On a physiological time-scale, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was insensitive to changes in constant temperature in the range between 10° and 20°C; temperatures above 25°C were detrimental to aphid population growth and survival. Alate virginoparae generally had a longer pre-reproductive period and achieved a lower mean total fecundity than apterae maintained under identical conditions. The usefulness of laboratory measurements for the prediction of population growth under variable field temperatures is discussed. Differences in the reproductive patterns of alate and apterous pea aphids are considered in the context of the r- and K-hypothesis of selection.

Adults and pupae of the Colorado potato beetle were controlled by treatment with methyl bromide at levels that did not injure new potatoes at 25°C. At lower temperatures the tolerance of the new potatoes was slightly reduced. A dosage schedule that will control adults and pupae without injury to the potatoes is given.

In tests conducted in the McKinley River drainage, Alaska, seudenol combined with α-pinene attracted the most eastern larch beetles, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte. The next most attractive treatments included tamarack log sections infested with either unmated female D. simplex or unmated female Douglas-fir beetles, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, Neither frontalin nor trans- verbenol with α-pinene was attractive. Addition of niethylcyclohexenone (MCH) to the seudenol + α-pinene treatment repressed its attraction by 83%. Sex ratios of simplex responding to logs infested with female simplex or pseudotsugae were equal or favored females, but favored males in the case of seudenol + α-pinene. Addition of MCH shifted the sex ratio in favor of females. Two other scolytid species, Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) and Ips perturbatus (Eichhoff), were trapped, but were too few to relate to treatments. Two species of clerids were caught on traps: Thanasimus undatulus Say and Thanasimus dubius (L.); the latter is a new Alaskan record.

A key for classifying the frass of 24 species of cossid, sesiid, and cerambycid borers describes the presence, texture, form, size, and color of such frass components as excrement pellets, wood chips, finely pulverized wood, granular wood pieces, fibrous shreds, and excelsior-like shreds. Descriptions are based largely upon fresh frass produced by mid- to late-instar larvae. Host tree species, stem diameter, and portion of tree infested are used in conjunction with frass descriptions to identify the borers.

The South American species of Oplachantha Rondani are reviewed and a key to them presented. New species are atricalx, Peru; pallida, Colombia; albihirta, Colombia; fuscipes, Venezuela; divisa, Ecuador; and atriceps, Peru. New synonymies are (iubata Enderlein) = pulchella (Williston) and (tristis Enderlein) = cincticornis Enderlein. Allognosta Barbiellinii Bezzi, Hoplacantha nigerrima Lindner, and Antissops Bezzii Lindner, sometimes referred to this genus or to Berismyia, belong to an as yet undetermined genus.