Constants with formulae of the form treated by D. Bailey, P. Borwein, and S. Plouffe ($b$ formulae to a given base $b$) have interesting computational properties, such as allowing single digits in their base $b$ expansion to be independently computed, and there are hints that they should be normal numbers, i.e., that their base $b$ digits are randomly distributed. We study a formally limited subset of BBP formulae, which we call Machin-type BBP formulae, for which it is relatively easy to determine whether or not a given constant $K$ has a Machin-type BBP formula. In particular, given $b\,\in \,\mathbb{N},\,b\,>\,2,\,b$ not a proper power, a $b$-ary Machin-type BBP arctangent formula for $K$ is a formula of the form $k\,=\,{{\Sigma }_{m}}\,{{a}_{m}}\,\arctan \,(-{{b}^{-m}}),\,{{a}_{m}}\,\in \,\mathbb{Q}$ , while when $b\,=\,2$, we also allow terms of the form ${{a}_{m}}\,\arctan \,(1/1\,-\,{{2}^{m}}))$ . Of particular interest, we show that $\pi$ has no Machin-type BBP arctangent formula when $b\,\ne \,2$. To the best of our knowledge, when there is no Machin-type BBP formula for a constant then no BBP formula of any form is known for that constant.

We study the $\text{K}$-homology of the rotation algebras ${{A}_{\theta }}$ using the six-term cyclic sequence for the $\text{K}$-homology of a crossed product by $Z$. In the case that $\theta $ is irrational, we use Pimsner and Voiculescu's work on $\text{AF}$-embeddings of the ${{A}_{\theta }}$ to search for the missing generator of the even $\text{K}$-homology.

Let $\sigma $, $\theta $ be commuting involutions of the connected semisimple algebraic group $G$ where $\sigma$, $\theta $ and $G$ are defined over an algebraically closed field $\underset{\scriptscriptstyle-}{k},$ char $\underline{k}$=0. Let $H:={{G}^{\sigma }}$ and $K:={{G}^{\theta }}$ be the fixed point groups. We have an action $\left( H\,\times \,K \right)\,\times \,G\,\to \,G$, where $\left( \left( h,\,k \right),\,g \right)\,\mapsto \,hg{{k}^{-1}},\,h\,\in \,H$ , $k\,\in \,K,g\,\in \,G$. Let $G\,//\,\left( H\,\times \,K \right)$ denote the categorical quotient Spec $\mathcal{O}{{(G)}^{H\times K}}$ . We determine when this quotient is smooth. Our results are a generalization of those of Steinberg [Ste75], Pittie [Pit72] and Richardson [Ric82] in the symmetric case where $\sigma \,=\,\theta $ and $H\,=K$.

We prove an estimate for the speed of convergence of the transition probability for a symmetric random walk on a nilpotent covering graph. To obtain this estimate, we give a complete proof of the Gaussian bound for the gradient of the Markov kernel.

Let ${{({{\mathcal{M}}_{i}})}_{i}}{{_{\in }}_{I}},{{({{\mathcal{N}}_{j}})}_{j\in J}}$ be families of von Neumann algebras and $\mathcal{U},\,{\mathcal{U}}'$ be ultrafilters in $I$, $J$, respectively. Let $1\,\le \,p\,<\,\infty $ and $n\,\in \,\mathbb{N}$. Let ${{x}_{1}},...,{{x}_{n}}\,\text{in}\,\prod {{L}_{p}}({{\mathcal{M}}_{i}})$ and ${{y}_{1}},...,{{y}_{n\,}}\text{in }\Pi \,{{L}_{p}}({{\mathcal{N}}_{j}})$ be bounded families. We show the following equality

$$\underset{i,\mathcal{U}}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\,\underset{j,{\mathcal{U}}'}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\,{{\left\| \sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}{{{x}_{k}}(i)\,\otimes \,{{y}_{k}}(j)} \right\|}_{{{L}_{p}}({{\mathcal{M}}_{i}}\otimes {{\mathcal{N}}_{j}})}}=\,\underset{j,{\mathcal{U}}'}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\,\underset{i,\mathcal{U}}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\,{{\left\| \sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}{{{x}_{k}}(i)\,\,\otimes \,{{y}_{k}}(j)} \right\|}_{{{L}_{p}}({{\mathcal{M}}_{i}}\otimes {{\mathcal{N}}_{j}})}}$$

For $p\,=\,1$ this Fubini type result is related to the local reflexivity of duals of ${{C}^{*}}$ -algebras. This fails for $P=\infty $.

Let $K$ be a knot in ${{S}^{3}}$ . This paper is devoted to Dehn surgeries which create 3-manifolds containing a closed non-orientable surface $\hat{S}$ . We look at the slope $p/q$ of the surgery, the Euler characteristic $\mathcal{X}(\hat{S})$ of the surface and the intersection number $s$ between $\hat{S}$ and the core of the Dehn surgery. We prove that if $\mathcal{X}(\hat{S})\,\ge \,15\,-3q$, then $s\,=\,1$. Furthermore, if $s\,=\,1$ then $q\,\le \,4\,-\,3\,\mathcal{X}(\hat{S})$ or $K$ is cabled and $q\,\le \,8\,-5\mathcal{X}(\hat{S})$ . As consequence, if $K$ is hyperbolic and $\mathcal{X}(\hat{S})\,=\,-1$ , then $q\,\le \,7$.

We prove that a Hamiltonian $p\in {{C}^{\infty }}({{T}^{*}}{{\mathbf{R}}^{n}})$ is locally integrable near a non-degenerate critical point ${{\rho }_{0}}$ of the energy, provided that the fundamental matrix at ${{\rho }_{0}}$ has rationally independent eigenvalues, none purely imaginary. This is done by using Birkhoff normal forms, which turn out to be convergent in the ${{C}^{\infty }}$ sense. We also give versions of the Lewis-Sternberg normal form near a hyperbolic fixed point of a canonical transformation. Then we investigate the complex case, showing that when $p$ is holomorphic near ${{\rho }_{0}}\in {{T}^{*}}{{\mathbf{C}}^{n}},$ then Re $p$ becomes integrable in the complex domain for real times, while the Birkhoff series and the Birkhoff transforms may not converge, i.e.,$p$ may not be integrable. These normal forms also hold in the semi-classical frame.

We classify the generalized hexagons which are laxly embedded in projective space such that the embedding is flat and polarized. Besides the standard examples related to the hexagons defined over the algebraic groups of type ${{\text{G}}_{2}}$, ${}^{3}{{\text{D}}_{4}}$ and ${}^{6}{{\text{D}}_{\text{4}}}$ (and occurring in projective dimensions 5, 6, 7), we find new examples in unbounded dimension related to the mixed groups of type ${{\text{G}}_{2}}$ .

This paper addresses the problem of constructing a cycle-level intersection theory for toric varieties. We show that by making one global choice, we can determine a cycle representative for the intersection of an equivariant Cartier divisor with an invariant cycle on a toric variety. For a toric variety defined by a fan in $N$, the choice consists of giving an inner product or a complete flag for ${{M}_{\mathbb{Q}}}\,=\,\mathbb{Q}\,\otimes \,\text{Hom(}N,\,\mathbb{Z}\text{)}$ , or more generally giving for each cone σ in the fan a linear subspace of ${{M}_{\mathbb{Q}}}$ complementary to ${{\sigma }^{\bot }}$ , satisfying certain compatibility conditions. We show that these intersection cycles have properties analogous to the usual intersections modulo rational equivalence. If $X$ is simplicial (for instance, if $X$ is non-singular), we obtain a commutative ring structure to the invariant cycles of $X$ with rational coefficients. This ring structure determines cycles representing certain characteristic classes of the toric variety. We also discuss how to define intersection cycles that require no choices, at the expense of increasing the size of the coefficient field.