Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T20:55:52.480Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Behaviour Correlates of Neurotransmitter Activity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Louis J. Poirier  and
Paul J. Bédard
Paul J. Bédard
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de neurobiologie, Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jésus, Québec
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Most disorders of motor activity including disturbances of muscle tone and of locomotor activity observed in patients with neurological disorders have been reproduced experimentally in animals. Most motor disorders of the extrapyramidal type including those associated with Parkinson’s disease and choreiform and athetoid involuntary movements, have been reproduced exclusively in primates. This is most likely related to the highly complex organization of the extrapyramidal and related nervous mechanisms subserving the corresponding peculiar type of motor control in the primate brain. Other types of motor disturbances including cervical and trunkal dystonias, ataxia, hypotonicity, spasticity and intention tremor, however, have been successfully induced in various mammalian species. The latter types of motor disorders are related to disturbances of central nervous mechanisms which show similar patterns in the brains of different animal species. Histopathological and neurochemical changes associated with extrapyramidal disorders have been discovered and more precisely determined as a consequence of the development of new technical approaches. Therefore numerous morphological, physiological and neurochemical data concerning the extrapyramidal system are now available but a better knowledge of their precise and subtle interrelationship is greatly needed in order to develop more efficient therapeutic procedures.

Type
1. Neurotransmitters and the Pharmacology of the Basal Ganglia
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 11 , Issue S1: Current Concepts and Controversies in Parkinson’s Disease , February 1984 , pp. 100 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1984

References

Andén, NE, Butcher, SG, Corrodi, H, Fuxe, K, Ungerstedt, U (1970) Receptor activity and turnover of dopamine and noradrenaline, after neuroleptics. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 11: 303–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andén, NE, Dahlström, A, Fuxe, K, Larsson, K (1965) Further evidence for the presence of nigro-neostriatal dopamine neurons in the rat. Am. J. Anat. 116:329–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andén, NE, Dahlström, A, Fuxe, K, Larsson, K (1966a) Functional role of the nigro-neostriatal dopamine neurons. Acta Pharmacol, (tox.) 24: 263–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andén, NE, Dalhström, A, Fuxe, K, Larsson, L, Olson, L, Ungerstedt, U (1966b) Ascending monoamine neurons to the telecephalon and diencephalon. Acta physiol. scand. 67: 313–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbeau, A, Gillo-Joffroy, L, Mars, H (1971) Treatment of Parkinson’s disease with levodopa and Ro4–4602. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2: 353–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bédard, P, Larochelle, L, Poirier, LJ, Sourkes, TL (1970) Reversible effect of L-DOPA on tremor and catatonia induced by a-methyl-p-tyrosine. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmac. 48: 82–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernheimer, H, Birmayer, W, Hornykiewicz, O (1961) Veirteilung des 5-Hydroxytryptamins (Serotonin) im Gehirn des Menschen und sein Verhalten bei Patienten mit Parkinson-Syndrom. Klin. Wschr. 39: 1056–1059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernheimer, H, Birkmayer, W, Hornykiewicz, O, Jellinger, K, Geitelberger, F (1973) Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. J. Neurol. Sci. 20: 415–455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butcher, SG, Butcher, LL (1974) Origin and modulation of acetylcholine activity in the neostriatum. Brain Res. 71: 167–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlsson, A, Falck, B, Hillarp, N-A (1962) Cellular localization of brain monoamines. Acta physiol. scand. 56, Suppl. 196: 1–28.Google ScholarPubMed
Carlsson, A, Rosengren, E, Bertler, A, Nilsson, J (1957) Effect of reserpine on the metabolism of catecholamines. In Psychotropic Drugs, pp. 363–372. Ed. Garettini, S. and Ghetti, U..Google Scholar
Carpenter, MB (1956) A study of the red nucleus in the rhesus monkey. Anatomic degeneration and physiologic effects resulting from localized lesions of the red nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 105: 195–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carpenter, MB (1958) The neuroanatomical basis of dyskinesia. In Pathogenesis and Treatment of Parkinsonism, pp. 50–85. Ed. Fields, W.S., Thomas, Charles C.: Springfield, Illinois.Google Scholar
Cooper, IS (1965) Surgical treatment of parkinsonism. Ann. Rev. Med. 16: 309–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corrodi, H, Hanson, LCF (1966) Central effects of an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylation. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin) 10: 116–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cotzias, GC, Woert, MH Van, Schiffer, CM (1967) Aromatic amino-acids and modifications of parkinsonism. New England J. Med. 276: 374–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dahlström, A, Fuxe, K (1964) Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brain stem neurons. Acta physiol. scand. 62 (Suppl.), 232: 1–55.Google Scholar
Ehringer, H, Hornykiewicz, O (1960) Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Dopamin (3-Hydroxy-tyramin) im Gehrin des Menschen und ihr bei Erkrankungen des extrapyramidalen Systems. Klin. Wschr. 38: 1236–1239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faull, RLM, Laverty, R (1969) Changes in dopamine levels in the corpus striatum following lesions in the substantia nigra. Exp. Neurol. 23: 332–340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferraro, A, Barerra, SE (1936) The effects of lesions of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the Macacus rhesus monkey. Bull. Neur. Inst. N.Y. 5: 165–179.Google Scholar
Filion, M (1979) Effects of interruption of the nigrostriatal pathway and of dopaminergic agents on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in the awake monkey. Brain Res. 178: 425–441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filion, M, Larochelle, L, Poirier, LJ (1974) Globus pallidus unit activity in a monkey with a parkinson-like syndrome. Effect of apomorphine. Clin. Res. 22: 754A (abstract).Google Scholar
Gale, K, Hong, J-S, Guidotti, A (1977) Presence of substance P and GABA in separate striatonigral neurons. Brain Res. 136: 371–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giguère, M, Marchand, R, Poirier, LJ (1983) The Nigrostriatal Nervous Pathways in the Brain of the Cat. An Autoradiographic study. Adv. In Neurol. 40. (in press).Google Scholar
Goldstein, M, Anagnoste, B, Battista, AF, Owen, WS, Nakatani, S (1969a) Studies of amines in the striatum in monkeys with nigral lesions. J. Neurochem. 16: 645–653.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, M, Battista, AF, Anagnoste, B, Nakatani, S (1969b) Tremor production and striatal amines in monkeys. In Third Symposium on Parkinson’s Disease, pp. 37–40. Ed. Gillingham, F.G. and Donaldson, I.M.L.E. & S. Livingstone Ltd: Edinburgh and London.Google Scholar
Hassler, R (1938) Zur pathologie der Paralysis agitans und des postenzephalitischen Parkinsonismus. J. Psych. Neurol. (Leipzig)48: 5–6, 387–476.Google Scholar
Holzbauer, M, Vogt, M (1956) Depression by reserpine of the noradrenaline concentration in the hypothalamus of the cat. J. Neurochem. 1: 8–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hornykiewicz, O (1966) Dopamine (3-Hydroxytyramine) and brain function. Pharmac. Rev. 18: 925–964.Google ScholarPubMed
Hornykiewicz, O (1972) Dopamine and extrapyramidal motor function and dysfunction. In Res. Publ. Ass. Nerv. Ment. Dis., Neurotransmitters, Vol. 50, pp. 390–415. Ed. Kopin, I.J.. The William & Wilkins Co.: Baltimore.Google Scholar
Kanazawa, I, Emson, PC, Cuello, AC (1977) Evidence for the existence of substance P-containing fibers in striato-nigral and pallido-nigral pathways in rat brain. Brain Res. 119: 447–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, JS, Bak, IJ, Hassler, R, Okada, Y (1971) Role of aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the extrapyramidal motor system. 2. Some evidence for the existence of a type of GABA-rich strio-nigral neurons. Exp. Brain Res. 14: 95–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lancaster, G, Larochelle, L, Bédard, P, Missala, K, Sourkes, TL, Poirier, LJ (1970) Effect of brain lesions and of harmaline on the dopa decarboxylase activity of striatum of the cat. J. Neurol. Sci. 1: 265–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langelier, P, Roberge, AG, Boucher, R, Poirier, LJ (1973) Effects of chronically administered L-DOPA in normal and lesioned cats. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 187: 15–26.Google ScholarPubMed
Larochelle, L, Bédard, P, Boucher, R, Poirier, LJ (1970) The rubro-olivo-cerebello-rubral loop and postural tremor in the monkey. J. Neurol. Sci. 11:53–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larochelle, L, Bédard, P, Poirier, LJ, Sourkes, TL (1971) Correlative neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological study of tremor and catatonia in the monkey. Neuropharmac. 10: 273–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laverty, R, Sharman, DF (1965) Modification by drugs of the metabolism of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine in the brain. Brit. J. Pharmac. Chemother. 24: 759–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, K, Hornykiewicz, O (1970) Parkinson’s disease: activity of L-DOPA decarboxylase in discrete brain regions. Science 170: 1212–1213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynch, GS, Lucas, PA, Deadwyler, SA (1972) The demonstration of acetylcholinesterase containing neurons within the caudate nucleus of the rat. Brain Res. 45: 617–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marchand, R, Poirier, LJ, Parent, A (1979) Cytohistochemical study of the primate basal ganglia and substantia nigra. In: The Extrapyramidal System and its Disorders, Advances in Neurology, vol. 24, edited by Poirier, L.J., Sourkes, T.L. and Bédard, P.J., New York; Raven Press, 1979, pp. 13–24.Google Scholar
McGeer, PL, McGeer, EG, Fibiger, HC, Wickson, V (1971) Neostriatal choline acetylase and cholinesterase following selective brain lesions. Brain Res. 35:308–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mettler, FA (1946) The experimental production of static tremor. Fed. Proc. 5: 72 (abstract).Google ScholarPubMed
Mettler, FA, Whittier, JR (1947) The experimental production of abnormal involuntary movements in primates. Trans. Am. Neurol. Ass. 72: 96–101; 190–192.Google Scholar
Ohyé, C, Bouchard, R, Boucher, R, Poirier, LJ (1970) Spontaneous activity of the putamen after chronic interruption of the dopaminergic pathway: effect of L-DOPA. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 175: 700–708.Google Scholar
Olivier, A, Parent, A, Simard, H, Poirier, LJ (1970) Cholinesterasic striopallidal and striatonigral efferents in the cat and the monkey. Brain Res. 18: 273–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Péchadre, JC, Larochelle, L, Poirier, LJ (1976) Parkisonian akinesia, rigidity and tremor in the monkey, J. Neurol. Sci., 28: 147–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, EW, Magoun, HW, McCulloch, WS, Lindsley, DB (1949) Production of postural tremor. J. Neurophysiol. 12: 371–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pletscher, A, Shore, PA, Brodie, BB (1955) Serotonin release as a possible mechanism of reserpine action. Science 122: 374–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poirier, LJ (1960) Experimental and histological study of midbrain dyskinesias. J. Neurophysiol. 23: 534–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poirier, LJ, Bédard, P, Langelier, P, Larochelle, L, Parent, A, Roberge, AG (1972) Les circuits neuronaux impliqués dans la physiopathologie des syndromes parkinsoniens. Rev. Neurol. 127: 37–50.Google Scholar
Poirier, LJ, Bouvier, G, Bédard, P, Boucher, R, Larochelle, L, Olivier, A, Singh, P (1969a) Essai sur les circuits neuronaux impliqués dans le tremblement postural et l’hypokinésie. Rev. Neurol. 120: 15–40.Google Scholar
Poirier, LJ, Filion, M, Langelier, P, Larochelle, L (1975) Brain nervous mechanisms involved in the so-called extrapyramidal motor and psychomotor disturbances. In Kerkutand, G.A.Phillis, J.W. (Eds.), Progress in Neurobiology, Vol. 5, Part 3, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 197–244.Google Scholar
Poirier, LJ, Giguère, M, Marchand, R (1983) Comparative Morphology of the Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area in the Monkey, Cat and Rat. Brain Res. Bull. 11: 371–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poirier, LJ, McGeer, EG, Larochelle, L, McGeer, PL, Bédard, P, Boucher, R (1969b) The effect of brain stem lesions on tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase in various structures of the telencephalon of the cat. Brain Res. 14: 147–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poirier, LJ, Singh, P, Boucher, R, Bouvier, G, Olivier, A, Larochelle, P (1967) Effect of brain lesions on the concentration of the striatal dopamine and serotonin in the cat. Arch, neurol. 17: 601–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poirier, LJ, Sourkes, TL (1965) Influence of the substantia nigra on the catecholamine content of the striatum. Brain 88: 181–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poirier, LJ, Sourkes, TL, Bouvier, G, Boucher, R, Carabin, S (1966) Striatal amines, experimental tremor and the effect of harmaline in the monkey. Brain 89: 37–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharman, DF, Poirier, LJ, Murphy, GF, Sourkes, TL (1967) Homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the striatum of monkeys with brain lesions. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmac. 45: 57–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, P, Poirier, LJ, Boucher, R (1967) Effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on the concentration of dopamine and serotonin in the striatum of the cat with and without unilateral brain stem lesions. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 45: 897–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sourkes, TL, Poirier, LJ (1966) Neurochemical bases of tremor and other disorders of movement. Can. Med. Ass. J. 94: 53–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Spector, S, Sjoerdsma, A, Udenfriend, S (1965) Blockade of endogenous norepinephrine synthesis by a-methyl-tyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase. J. Pharmacol. 147: 86–95.Google ScholarPubMed
Trétiakoff, C (1919) Contribution à l’étude de l’anatomie pathologique du locus niger de Soemmering avec quelques déductions relatives à la pathogénie des troubles du tonus musculaire de la maladie de Parkinson. Thèse, Paris.Google Scholar
Udenfriend, S, Witkop, B, Redfield, BG, Weissbach, H (1958) Studies with reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase: harmaline and related compounds. Biochem. Pharmac. I: 160–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Udenfriend, S, Zatzman-Nirenberg, O, Nagatsu, T (1965) Inhibitors of purified beef adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase. Biochem. Pharmac. 14: 837–845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, AE, Botterell, EH (1937) The syndrome of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the monkey. Brain 60: 329–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, AA Jr., McCulloch, WS, Magoun, HW (1948) Production of an alternating tremor at rest in monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 11: 317–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yahr, MD, Duvoisin, RC, Schear, MS, Bacret, RE, Hoehn, MM (1969) Treatment of parkinsonism with levodopa. Arch. Neurol. 21:343–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed