Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T03:10:28.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

In Search of the Identity of the Cerebellar Climbing Fiber Transmitter: Immunocytochemical Studies in Rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Zhang Nianhui  and
P. Ottersen Ole
Zhang Nianhui*
Affiliation:
Anatomical Institute, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
P. Ottersen Ole*
Affiliation:
Anatomical Institute, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
*
Department of Anatomy, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1105 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo 3, Norway
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Quantitative immunogold cytochemistry at the electron microscopic level was used to assess the endogenous contents of glutamate, aspartate, homocysteic acid, and glutamine (a precursor of glutamate) in the cerebellar climbing fiber terminals. Of the three excitatory amino acids, only glutamate appeared to be enriched in these terminals. The climbing fiber terminals also displayed immunoreactivity for glutamine. The level of aspartate immunoreactivity was far higher in the nerve cell bodies in the inferior olive than in their terminals in the cerebellar cortex. Homocysteic acid immunolabelling was concentrated in glial cells including the Golgi epithelial cells in the Purkinje cell layer. Our immunocytochemical data indicate that glutamate is a more likely climbing fiber transmitter than aspartate and homocysteic acid.

Type
Abstract
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 20 , Issue S3 , May 1993 , pp. S36 - S42
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1993

References

REFERENCES

1.Young, AB, Oster-Granite, ML, Herndon, RM, et al.Glutamic acid: selective depletion by viral-induced granule cell loss in hamster cerebellum. Brain Res 1974; 73: 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Sandoval, ME, Cotman, CW.Evaluation of glutamate as neurotransmitter of cerebellar parallel fibers. Neuroscience 1978; 3: 199–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Stone, TW.Glutamate as the neurotransmitter of cerebellar granule cells in the rat: electrophysiological evidence. Br J Pharmacol 1979; 66: 291–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Somogyi, P, Halasy, K, Somogyi, J, et al.Quantification of immunogold labelling reveals enrichment of glutamate in mossy and parallei fibre terminals in cat cerebellum. Neuroscience 1986; 19: 1045–1050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Ji, Z, Aas, J-E, Laake, J, et al.An electron microscopic immunogold analysis of glutamate and glutamine in terminals of rat spinocerebellar fibers. J Comp Neurol 1991; 307: 296–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Liu, C-j, Grandes, P, Matute, C, et al.Glutamate-like immunoreactivity revealed in rat olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebellum by monoclonal antibody and sensitive staining method. Histochemistry 1989; 90: 427–445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Garthwaite, J, Brodbelt, AR.Glutamate as the principal mossy fiber transmitter in rat cerebellum: pharmacological evidence. Eur J Neurosci 1990; 2: 177–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Hirano, T.Synaptic transmission between rat inferior olivary neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells in culture. J Neurophysiol 1990; 63: 181–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Konnerth, A, Llano, I, Armstrong, CM.Synaptic currents in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 2662–2665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Perkel, DJ, Hestrin, S, Sah, P, et al.Excitatory synaptic currents in Purkinje cells. Proc Roy Soc Lond B: 1990; 241: 116–121.Google ScholarPubMed
11.Wiklund, L, Toggenburger, G, Cuénod, M.Aspartate: possible neuro-transmitter in cerebellar climbing fibers. Science 1982; 216: 78–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Toggenburger, G, Wiklund, L, Henke, H, et al.Release of endogenous and accumulated exogenous amino acids from slices of normal and climbing fiber-deprived rat cerebellar slices. J Neurochem 1983: 41: 1606–1613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Vollenweider, FX, Cuénod, M, Do, KQ.Effect of climbing fiber deprivation on release of endogenous aspartate, glutamate, and homocysteate in slices of rat cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. J Neurochem 1990; 54: 1533–1540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Fonnum, F.Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J. Neurochem 1984: 42: 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Curtis, DR, Watkins, JC.The excitation and depression of spinal neurons by structurally related amino acids. J Neurochem 1960; 6: 117–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Do, KQ, Herrling, PL, Streit, P, et al.In vitro release and electrophysiological effects in situ of homocysteic acid, an endogenous N-methyl-(D)-aspartic acid agonist, in the mammalian striatum. J Neurosci 1986; 6: 2226–2234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Do, KQ, Mattenberger, M, Streit, P, et al.In vitro release of endogenous excitatory sulfur-containing amino acids from various rat brain regions. J Neurochem 1986; 46: 779–786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Knöpfel, T, Zeise, ML, et al.L-homocysteic acid but not L-glutamate is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-preferring agonist in rat neocortical neurons in vitro. Neurosci Lett 1987; 81: 188–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Provini, L, Ito, S, Ben Ari, Y, et al.L-Homocysteate preferentially activates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors to CAl rat hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 1991; 3: 962–970.Google Scholar
20.Cuénod, M, Do, KQ, Grandes, P, et al.Localization and release of homocysteic acid, an excitatory sulfur-containing amino acid. J Histochem Cytochem 1990; 38: 1713–1715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Streit, P, Grandes, P, Morino, P, et al.Immunohistochemical localization of glutamate and homocysteate. In: Meldrum, BS, et al., eds. Excitatory Amino Acids. New York: Raven Press 1991; 61–67.Google Scholar
22.Somogyi, P, Hodgson, AJ, Smith, AD, et al.Different populations of GAB Aergic neurons in the visual cortex and hippocampus of cat contain somatostatin- or cholecystokinin-immunoreactive material. J Neurosci 1984; 4: 2590–2603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Zhang, N, Ottersen, OP.Differential distribution of two sulphur-containing amino acids in rat cerebellum: an immunocytochemical investigation using antisera to taurine and homocysteic acid. Exp Brain Res 1992; 90: 11–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Laake, JH, Gundersen, V, Nordbø, G, et al.An antiserum against glutamine. In: Roberts, PJ, et al., eds. Excitatory Amino Acids. London: Macmillan 1986; 448–450.Google Scholar
25.Zhang, N, Laake, J, Nagelhus, E, et al.Distribution of glutamine-like immunoreactivity in the cerebellum of rat and baboon (Papio anubis) with reference to the issue of metabolic compartmentation. Anat Embryol 1991; 184: 213–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Ottersen, OP, Storm-Mathisen, J.Different neuronal localization of aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivities in the hippocampus of rat, guinea pig and Senegalese baboon (Papio papio) with a note on the distribution of GABA. Neuroscience 1985; 16: 589–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Zhang, N, Walberg, F, Laake, JH, et al.Aspartate-like and glutamatelike immunoreactivities in the inferior olive and climbing fiber system: a light microscopic and semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rat and baboon (Papio amtbis). Neuroscience 1990; 38: 61–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Rinvik, E, Ottersen, OP.Demonstration of GABA and glutamate in the nucleus reticularis thalami: a postembedding immunogold-labelling investigation in the cat and baboon. In: Bentivoglio, M, Spreafico, R, eds. Cellular Thalamic Mechanisms. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1988; 321–337.Google Scholar
29.Ottersen, OP, Zhang, N, Walberg, F.Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunocytochemistry in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 1991; 46: 519–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Wang, B-L, Larsson, L-I.Simultaneous demonstration of multiple antigens by indirect immunofluorescence or immunogold staining. Histochemistry 1985; 83: 47–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Blackstad, TW, Karagülle, T, Ottersen, OP.MORFOREL, a computer program for two-dimensional analysis of micrographs of biological specimens, with emphasis on immunogold preparations. Comput Biol Med 1990; 20: 15–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Ottersen, OP.Quantitative assessment of taurine-like immunoreactivity in different cell types and processes in rat cerebellum: an electronmicroscopic study based on a postembedding immuno-gold labelling procedure. Anat Embryol 1988; 178: 407–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Ottersen, OP, Laake, JH.Light and electron microscopic immunocy-tochemistry of putative neurotransmitter amino acids in the cerebellum with a note on the distribution of glutamine. In: Llinás, R, Sotelo, C, eds. The Cerebellum Revisited. New York: Springer 1992; 116–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Ottersen, OP.Postembedding light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of amino acids: description of a new model system allowing identical conditions for specificity testing and tissue processing. Exp Brain Res 1987; 69: 167–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Bramham, CR, Torp, R, Zhang, N, et al.Distribution of glutamatelike immunoreactivity in excitatory hippocampal pathways: a semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rats. Neuroscience 1990; 39: 405–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Bishop, GA.Neuromodulatory effects of corticotropin releasing factor on cerebellar Purkinje cells: an in vivo study in the cat. Neuroscience 1990; 39: 251–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar