Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-2jptb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-23T05:55:52.133Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Stereotactic Neurosurgery for Movement Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Aviva Abosch  and
Andres Lozano
Aviva Abosch
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Andres Lozano
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Stereotactic neurosurgery for the treatment of movement disorders focuses primarily on the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonia. The surgical targets in use are the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi) for PD, GPi for dystonia, and ventralis intermedius (Vim) nucleus of the thalamus for ET. Following target selection, procedures include the generation of lesions or the placement of deep brain stimulating electrodes in the selected target. Additionally, transplantation has been used in the treatment of PD. The indications, outcomes, and risks of the various procedures are reviewed.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

La neurochirurgie stéotaxique dans le traitement des dérdres du mouvement cible principalement le traitement de la maladie de Parkinson (MP), du tremblement essentiel (TE) et de la dystonie. Les cibles chirurgicales sont le noyau sous-thalamique et le globus pallidus internus (GPi) dans la MP, le GPi dans la dystonie et le noyau ventral interméaire dans le TE. Suite au choix de la cible, on créune léon ou on place des éctrodes profondes pour stimuler la zone ciblé La transplantation a élement é utilisédans la MP. Les indications, les réltats et les risques de ces difféntes techniques sont revus.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 30 , supplement S1: A Peer-Reviewed Supplement to the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , February 2003 , pp. S72 - S82
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2003

References

1. Hutchison, W, Lozano, A. Microelectrode recordings in movementdisorder surgery. In: Lozano, A, (Ed.) Movement Disorder Surgery. Vol. 15. Basel: Karger, 2000:103–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Limousin, P, Krack, P, Pollack, P, et al. Electrical stimulation of thesubthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1105–1111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Oh, MY, Abosch, A, Kim, SH, et al. Long-term hardware-relatedcomplications of deep brain stimulation. Neurosurgery 2002;50:1268–1276.Google ScholarPubMed
4. Schuurman, PR, Bosch, DA, Bossuyt, PM, et al. A comparison ofcontinuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. N Engl J Med 2000;342:461–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Benabid, AL, Benazzouz, A, Hoffmann, D, et al. Long-term electricalinhibition of deep brain targets in movement disorders. Mov Disord 1998;13:119–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Levy, R, Lamb, S, Adams, J. Treatment of chronic pain by deep brainstimulation: long term follow-up and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 1987;21:885–893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Volkmann, J, Allert, N, Voges, J, et al. Safety and efficacy of pallidalor subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced PD. Neurology 2001;56(4):548–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Kumar, R, Lozano, AM, Sime, E, et al. Comparative effects ofunilateral and bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Neurology 1999;53:561–566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Limousin, P, Pollak, P, Hoffmann, D, et al. Abnormal involuntarymovements induced by subthalamic nucleus stimulation in parkinsonian patients. Mov Disord 1996;11:231–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Kumar, R, Lozano, AM, Kim, YJ, et al. Double-blind evaluation ofsubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1998;51:850–855.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Bejjani, B-P Damier, P Arnulf, I, et al. Transient acute depressioninduced by high-frequency deep brain stimulation. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1476–1480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Bezerra, MLS, Martinez, J-VL, Nasser, JA, et al. Transient acutedepression induced by high-frequency deep-brain stimulation. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1003–1004.Google ScholarPubMed
13. Saint-Cyr, JA, Trepanier, LL, Kumar, R, et al. Neuropsychologicalconsequences of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2000;123:2091–2108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Welter, ML, Houeto, JL, Tezenas du Montcel, S, et al. Clinicalpredictive factors of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2002;125:575–583.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Dromey, C, Kumar, R, Lang, AE, Lozano, AM. An investigation of theeffects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on acoustic measuresof voice. Mov Disord 2000;15:1132–1138.3.0.CO;2-O>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Krack, P, Pollak, P, Limousin, P, et al. Subthalamic nucleus or internalpallidal stimulation in young onset Parkinson’s disease. Brain 1998;121:451–457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Krack, P Pollak, P, Limousin, P, et al. From off-period dystonia topeak-dose chorea. The clinical spectrum of varying subthalamic nucleus activity. Brain 1999;122:1133–1146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Laitinen, LV, Bergenheim, AT, Hariz, MI. Leksell’s posteroventralpallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. J Neurosurg 1992;76:53–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Alkhani, A, Lozano, AM. Pallidotomy for Parkinson’s disease: areview of contemporary literature. J Neurosurg 2001;94:43–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Favre, J, Burchiel, KJ, Taha, JM, Hammerstad, J. Outcome ofunilateral and bilateral pallidotomy for Parkinson’s disease: patient assessment. Neurosurgery 2000;46:344–353; discussion 345–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Fine, J, Duff, J, Chen, R, et al. Long-term follow-up of unilateralpallidotomy in advanced Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1708–1714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22. Kumar, R, Lang, AE, Rodriguez-Oroz, MC, et al. Deep brainstimulation of the globus pallidus pars interna in advancedParkinson’s disease. Neurology 2000;55:S34–S39.Google Scholar
23. Bergman, H, Wichmann, T, DeLong, MR. Reversal of experimentalparkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus. Science 1990;249:14361438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Benabid, AL, Pollak, P, Gervason, C, et al. Long-term suppression oftremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. Lancet 1991;337:403–406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. Limousin, P, Pollak, P, Benazzouz, A, et al. Effect of parkinsoniansigns and symptoms of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Lancet 1995;345:91–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Alvarez, L, Macias, R, Guridi, J, et al. Dorsal subthalamotomy forParkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2001;16:72–78.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Gill, SS, Heywood, P. Bilateral dorsolateral subthalamotomy foradvanced Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 1997;350:1224.Google Scholar
28. Bejjani, BP, Gervais, D, Arnulf, I, et al. Axial parkinsonian symptomscan be improved: the role of levodopa and bilateral subthalamic stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:595–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Burchiel, KJ, Anderson, VC, Favre, J, Hammerstad, JP. Comparison ofpallidal and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson’s disease: results of a randomized, blinded pilot study. Neurosurgery 1999;45:1375–1382; discussion 13741382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30. Houeto, J, Damier, P, Bejjani, P, et al. Subthalamic stimulation inParkinson disease: a multidisciplinary approach. Arch Neurol 2000;57:461–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Moro, E, Scerrati, M, Romito, LM, et al. Chronic subthalamic nucleusstimulation reduces medication requirements in Parkinson’sdisease. Neurology 1999;53:85–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Rodriguez-Oroz, MC, Gorospe, A, Guridi, J, et al. Bilateral deep brainstimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 2000;55:S45–51.Google Scholar
33. Yokoyama, T, Sugiyama, K, Nishizawa, S, et al. Subthalamic nucleusstimulation for gait disturbance in Parkinson’s disease. Neurosurgery 1999;45:41–47; discussion 47–49.Google Scholar
34. Rodriguez, MC, Guridi, OJ, Alvarez, L, et al. The subthalamicnucleus and tremor in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 1998;13:111–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35. Hariz, MI, Johansson, F, Shamsgovara, P, et al. Bilateral subthalamicnucleus stimulation in a parkinsonian patient with preoperative deficits in speech and cognition: persistent improvement in mobility but increased dependency: a case study. Mov Disord 2000;15:136–139.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. Molinuevo, JL, Valldeoriola, F, Tolosa, E, et al. Levodopa withdrawalafter bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advancedParkinson disease. Arch Neurol 2000;57:983–988.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Gentil, M, Garcia-Ruiz, P, Pollak, P, Benabid, AL. Effect ofstimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on oral control of patients with parkinsonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67:329–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38. Group TD-BSfPsDS. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamicnucleus or the pars interna of the globus pallidus in Parkinson’sdisease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:956–963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39. Freed, CR, Greene, PE, Breeze, RE, et al. Transplantation ofembryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 2001;344:710–719.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40. Olanow, CW, Freeman, T, Kordower, J. Transplantation of embryonicdopamine neurons for severe Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:146; discussion 147.Google ScholarPubMed
41. Jankovic, J, Cardoso, F, Grossman, RG, Hamilton, WJ. Outcome afterstereotactic thalamotomy for parkinsonian, essential, and other types of tremor. Neurosurgery 1995;37:680–686; discussion 686–687.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42. Shahzadi, S, Tasker, RR, Lozano, A. Thalamotomy for essential andcerebellar tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1995;65:11–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43. Akbostanci, MC, Slavin, KV, Burchiel, KJ. Stereotactic ventralintermedial thalamotomy for the treatment of essential tremor: results of a series of 37 patients. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1999;72:174–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44. Zirh, A,Reich, SG, Dougherty, PM, Lenz, FA. Stereotacticthalamotomy in the treatment of essential tremor of the upper extremity: reassessment including a blinded measure of outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:772–775.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45. Matsumoto, K, Shichijo, F, Fukami, T. Long-term follow-up review ofcases of Parkinson’s disease after unilateral or bilateralthalamotomy. J Neurosurg 1984;60:1033–1044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46. Koller, WC, Lyons, KE, Wilkinson, SB, et al. Long-term safety andefficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor. Mov Disord 2001;16:464–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47. Siegfried, J, Lippitz, B. Chronic electrical stimulation of the VL-VPLcomplex and of the pallidum in the treatment of movement disorders: personal experience since 1982. Stereotact FunctNeurosurg 1994;62:71–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48. Pahwa, R, Lyons, K, Koller, WC. Surgical treatment of essentialtremor. Neurology 2000;54:S39–S44.Google Scholar
49. Tasker, RR. Deep brain stimulation is preferable to thalamotomy fortremor suppression. Surg Neurol 1998;49:145–153; discussion 144–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50. Niranjan, A, Jawahar, A, Kondziolka, D, Lunsford, LD. A comparison ofsurgical approaches for the management of tremor: radiofrequency thalamotomy, gamma knife thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1999;72:178–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51. Young, RF, Jacques, S, Mark, R, et al. Gamma knife thalamotomy fortreatment of tremor: long-term results. J Neurosurg 2000;93:128–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52. Vitek, JL, Chockkan, V, Zhang, JY, et al. Neuronal activity in the basalganglia in patients with generalized dystonia and hemiballismus. Ann Neurol 1999;46:22–35.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53. Vitek, JL, Giroux, M. Physiology of hypokinetic and hyperkineticmovement disorders: model for dyskinesia. Ann Neurol 2000;47:S131–S140.Google ScholarPubMed
54. Lang, AE. Surgical treatment of dystonia. Adv Neurol 1998;78:185–198.Google ScholarPubMed
55. Iacono, RP, Kuniyoshi, SM, Lonser, RR, et al. Simultaneous bilateralpallidoansotomy for idiopathic dystonia musculorum deformans. Pediatr Neurol 1996;14:145–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56. Ondo, WG, Desaloms, JM, Jankovic, J, Grossman, RG. Pallidotomyfor generalized dystonia. Mov Disord 1998;13:693–698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57. Lin, JJ, Lin, GY, Shih, C, et al. Benefit of bilateral pallidotomy in thetreatment of generalized dystonia. Case report. J Neurosurg 1999;90:974–976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58. Cubo, E, Shannon, KM, Penn, RD, Kroin, JS. Internal globuspallidotomy in dystonia secondary to Huntington’s disease. Mov Disord 2000;15:1248–1251.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59. Justesen, CR, Penn, RD, Kroin, JS, Egel, RT. Stereotactic pallidotomyin a child with Hallervorden-Spatz disease. Case report. J Neurosurg 1999;90:551–554.Google ScholarPubMed
60. Lin, J-J, Lin, G-Y, Shih, C, et al. Benefit of bilateral pallidotomy inthetreatmentofgeneralizeddystonia. J Neurosurgery 1999;90:974–976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61. Lin, J-J, Lin, S-Z, Chang, D-C. Pallidotomy and generalized dystonia(Letter to the Editor). Mov Disord 1999;14:1057–1059.3.0.CO;2-1>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62. Kumar, R, Dagher, A, Hutchison, W, et al. Globus pallidus deep brainstimulation for generalized dystonia: clinical and PET investigation. Neurology 1999;53:871–874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63. Lozano, AM, Kumar, R, Gross, RE, et al. Globus pallidus internuspallidotomy for generalized dystonia. Mov Disord 1997;12:865–870 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
64. Antkowiak, B. Different actions of general anesthetics on the firingpatterns of neocortical neurons mediated by the GABA(A) receptor. Anesthesiology 1999;91:500–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65. Coubes, P, Roubertie, A, Vayssiere, N, et al. Treatment of DYT1-generalised dystonia by stimulation of the internal globus pallidus. Lancet 2000;355:2220–2221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66. Kwon, Y, Whang, CJ. Stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery for thetreatment of dystonia. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1995;64:222–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67. Friehs, GM, Noren, G, Ohye, C, et al. Lesion size following gammaknife treatment for functional disorders. Stereotact FunctNeurosurg 1996;66:320–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
68. Ceballos-Baumann, AO, Passingham, RE, Warner, T, et al. Overactiveprefrontal and underactive motor cortical areas in idiopathic dystonia. Ann Neurol 1995;37:363–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
69. Ceballos-Baumann, AO, Passingham, RE, Marsden, CD, Brooks, DJ. Motor reorganization in acquired hemidystonia. Ann Neurol 1995;37:746–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70. Kumar, R, Dagher, A, Hutchison, WD, et al. Globus pallidus deepbrain stimulation for generalized dystonia: clinical and PET investigation. Neurology 1999;53:871–874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71. Krauss, JK, Pohle, T, Weber, S, et al. Bilateral stimulation of globuspallidus internus for treatment of cervical dystonia. Lancet 1999;354:837–838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72. Consky, E, Lang, A. Clinical assessments of patients with cervicaldystonia. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994:2111–2237.Google Scholar
73. Tronnier, VM, Fogel, W. Pallidal stimulation for generalizeddystonia. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg 2000;92:453–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
74. Loher, TJ, Hasdemir, MG, Burgunder, JM, Krauss, JK. Long-termfollow-up study of chronic globus pallidus internus stimulation for posttraumatic hemidystonia. J Neurosurg 2000;92:457–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75. Vayssiere, N, Hemm, S, Zanca, M, et al. Magnetic resonance imagingstereotactic target localization for deep brain stimulation indystonic children. J Neurosurg 2000;93:784–790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
76. Robertson, LT, Horak, FB, Anderson, VC, et al. Assessments of axialmotor control during deep brain stimulation in parkinsonian patients. Neurosurgery 2001;48:544–551; discussion 551–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77. Burke, RE, Fahn, S, Marsden, CD, et al. Validity and reliability of arating scale for the primary torsion dystonias. Neurology. 1985;35:73–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
78. Sellal, F, Hirsch, E, Barth, P, et al. A case of symptomatichemidystonia improved by ventroposterolateral thalamic electrostimulation. Mov Disord 1993;8:515–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
79. Islekel, S, Zileli, M, Zileli, B. Unilateral pallidal stimulation incervical dystonia.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1999;72:248–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
80. Krauss, JK, Toups, EG, Jankovic, J, Grossman, RG. Symptomatic andfunctional outcome of surgical treatment of cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;63:642–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar