¹ “Paradoxes of the French Political Community,” in Hoffmann et al., In Search of France (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), 1–117.

² The Bureaucratic Phenomenon (Chicago, 1964).

³ Modernisation économique et comportement politique (Paris, 1969). See Greenstein, Fred I. and Tarrow, Sidney G., “The Study of French Political Socialization: Toward the Revocation of Paradox,” World Politics, XXII (Oct. 1969), 95–137CrossRefGoogle Scholar, for a penetrating critique of the view that French politics are culturally unique.

⁴ Our view relies on the methodological insight of Henry Teune. See Przeworski, Adam and Teune, Henry, The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry (New York, 1970)Google Scholar, and International Studies of Values in Politics, Values and the Active Community (New York, 1971).

⁵ Converse, Philip E. and Dupeux, Georges, “Politicization of the Electorate in France and the United States,” Public Opinion Quarterly, XXVI (Spring 1962), 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶ Butler, David and Stokes, Donald E., Political Change in Britain: Forces Shaping Electoral Choice (New York, 1969), 104–22, 124–34, and 247–74Google Scholar, presents a sophisticated analysis of generational change in partisanship. See also Inglehart, Ronald, “An End to European Integration?” American Political Science Review, LXI (March 1967), 91–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Ronald Inglehart, “The Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Change in Post-Industrial Societies,” ibid., LXV (Dec. 1971), 991–1017.

⁷ For an analysis of the changes in French partisanship subsequent to 1958, see Cameron, David R., “Stability and Change in Patterns of French Partisanship,” Public Opinion Quarterly, XXXVI (Spring 1972), 19–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸ “Politicization of the Electorate,” 23 (our italics).

⁹ Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Le référendum de septembre et les élections de novembre 1958, Cahiers, vol. 109 (Paris, 1960), 119–61.

¹⁰ Institut français d'opinion publique, “Sondages,” no 2 (1968), p. 101.

¹¹ On the problem of equivalence, see Przeworski and Teune, The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry, and International Studies of Values in Politics, Values and the Active Community.

¹² Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Le référendum, 143, 159. On the importance of the personal factor in American politics, see Stokes, Donald E., “Some Dynamic Elements of Contests for the Presidencey,” American Political Science Review, LX (March 1966), 19–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹³ La socialisation politique des enfants, Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Cahiers, vol. 163 (Paris, 1968), 93, 99, 101 (our translations). The Greenstein and Tarrow article in n 3 provides a lengthy review of this study.

¹⁴ Calculated from Table I: [(47.7) (63.0)]/[(79.4) (24.0) + (47.7) (63.0)] = 30.1/49.2 = 61.1 percent.

¹⁵ See Deutsch, Karl, “Social Mobilization and Political Development,” American Political Science Review, LV (Sept. 1961), 493–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁶ On the concept of regional defence, see Rokkan, Stein, “Geography, Religion, and Social Class: Cross-cutting Cleavages in Norwegian Politics,” in Lipset, S.M. and Rokkan, , eds., Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives (New York, 1967), 367–444.Google Scholar

¹⁷ See Heberle, Rudolf, From Democracy to Nazism (Baton Rouge, La., 1945)Google Scholar; Lipset, S.M., Political Man (Garden City, NY, 1960), 131–52Google Scholar; and Stefanie Hecht Cameron, “Nazi Ascendancy and the Weimar Party System,” unpublished paper, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

¹⁸ On Poujadism, see Hoffmann, Stanley, Le mouvement poujade, Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Cahiers, vol. 81 (Paris, 1956).Google Scholar

¹⁹ On Social Credit, see Pinard, Maurice, The Rise of a Third Party: A Study in Crisis Politics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1971).Google Scholar

²⁰ See Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, Donald E., The American Voter (New York, 1960)Google Scholar; and Almond, Gabriel A. and Verba, Sidney, The Civic Culture (Boston, 1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²¹ See Converse, Philip E., “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics,” in Apter, David, ed., Ideology and Discontent (New York, 1964), 206–61.Google Scholar

²² See McPhee, William and Ferguson, J., “Political Immunization,” in McPhee, W. and Glazer, W., Public Opinion and Congressional Elections (New York, 1962), chap. 6Google Scholar; and Key, V.O., “A Theory of Critical Elections,” Journal of Politics, XVI (Feb. 1955), 3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²³ For the concept of realignment, see Butler, and Stokes, , Political Change in Britain, and Dean Burnham, Walter, Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics (NewYork, 1970)Google Scholar. An analysis of partisan realignment in the French Fifth Republic is presented in David R. Cameron and Richard I. Hofferbert, “Continuity and Change in Gaullism: The General's Legacy,” Midwest Journal of Political Science, forthcoming.

²⁴ Cameron, “Stability and Change in Patterns of French Partisanship.”

²⁵ See Wylie, Lawrence, Village in the Vaucluse (New York, 1964)Google Scholar, for a vivid description of the preoccupation of rural Frenchmen with the anonymous, all-powerful “ils” who are held responsible for taxes, wars, bad farm prices, etc.

²⁶ Hoffmann, in “Paradoxes of the French Political Community,” developed the concept of the stalemate society.

²⁷ See Pinard, The Rise of a Third Party, 94–5.

²⁸ See Hoffmann, Le mouvement poujade.

²⁹ See Matthews, Donald and Prothro, J., Negroes and the New Southern Politics (NewYork, 1966).Google Scholar

³⁰ see Deutsch, “Social Mobilization and Political Development.”

³¹ See Converse, Philip E.et al., “Continuity and Change in American Politics: Parties and Issues in the 1968 Election,” American Political Science Review, LXIII (Dec. 1969), 1083–1105CrossRefGoogle Scholar. On changes in party organization in urban America, see Eldersveld, Samuel J., “Party Cadre Adaptations in Response to System Environmental Change: Detroit Precinct Leaders, 1956 and 1964,” presented at the Workshop on Party Organization and Voter Mobilization, DATUM, Bad Godesberg, Aug. 1971.Google Scholar

³² See Deutsch, Emeric, Lindon, Denis, and Neill, Pierre, Les familles politiques (Paris, 1966)Google Scholar, for a discussion of the marais – the predominantly female group of voters who do not place themselves on either the left or the right wings of a party space and who have low interest in politics.

³³ Lancelot, Alain, L'abstentionnisme électoral en France, Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Cahiers, vol. 162 (Paris, 1968), 171–2.Google Scholar

³⁴ Ibid., 179–81.

³⁵ Affluence and the French Worker in the Fourth Republic (Princeton, 1967), 97.

³⁶ See Dogan, Mattei and Narbonne, Jacques, Les françaises face à la politique, Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Cahiers, vol. 72 (Paris, 1955)Google Scholar, and Dogan, , “Le vote ouvrier en France : analyse écologique des élections de 1962,” Revue française de sociologie, VI (Oct.–Dec. 1965).Google Scholar

³⁷ See Cameron, “Stability and Change in Patterns of French Partisanship.”