1 Gough, Ian, The Political Economy of the Welfare Stale (London: Macmillan, 1979), 44–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 Lipietz, Alain, “Crise de I'État-providence,” Politique 4 (1983), 56.Google Scholar

3 Offe, Claus, Contradictions of the Welfare State (London: Hutchinson, 1984), 148.Google Scholar

4 An interesting example is the article by Heidenheimer, Arnold J. on “Secularization Patterns and the Westward Spread of the Welfare State” which appeared in the special number of Comparative Social Research 6 (1983) on the welfare state.Google Scholar

5 Dion, Leon, Le bill 60 et la societe quebecoise (Montreal: HMH, 1967).Google Scholar

6 Simard, Jean-Jacques, La longue marche des technocrates (Montréal: Éditions coopératives Albert St-Martin, 1979), 28.Google Scholar

7 Moscovitch, Allan, The Welfare State in Canada (Waterloo:Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1983), iii.Google Scholar

8 Therborn, Goran, “Classes and States: Welfare State Developments, 1881–1981,” Studies in Political Economy 14 (1984), 7–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

09 Guest, Dennis, The Emergence of Social Security in Canada (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980), x.Google Scholar

10 Mann, SusanTrofimenkoff, and Prentice, Alison (eds.), The Neglected Majority (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1977).Google Scholar

11 Kealey, Linda (ed.), A Not Unreasonable Claim (Toronto: The Women's Press, 1979).Google Scholar

12 Pinard, Yolande, “Les débuts du mouvement des femmes à Montréal, 1893–1902,” in Lavigne, Marie and Pinard, Yolande (eds.), Travailleuses et féministes (Montréal: Boréal Express, 1983), 177.Google Scholar

13 Berg, Barbara, The Remembered Gate: Origins of American Feminism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978);Google ScholarCott, Nancy, The Bonds ofWomanhood (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977)Google Scholar, and Melder, Keith E., Beginnings of Sisterhood (New York: Schocken Books, 1977).Google Scholar

14 Berg, Feminism, 96.

15 Ibid., 145.

16 Melder, Sisterhood, 47–49.

17 Berg, Feminism, 7.

18 Wendy Mitchinson, “The WCTU: 'For God, Home and Native Land': A Study in Nineteenth-Century Feminism,” in Kealey, Claim, 154.

19 Noble, Joey, “Class-ifying the Poor: Toronto Charities, 1850–1880,” Studies in Political Economy 2 (1979), 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

20 Ibid.

21 Bacchi, Carol Lee, Liberation Deferred? (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983), 103.Google Scholar

22 Mitchinson, “The WCTU,” 155.

23 Jane Jenson, “Women on the Agenda: Mobilization for Change in France,” paper delivered at the Conference of the Council for European Studies, Washington, DC. April-May 1982.

24 Mitchinson, “The WCTU,” 153.

25 Trofimenkoff, , The Dream of Nation (Toronto: Gage, 1983), 199.Google Scholar

26 Ventelou, Denise, “Le point de départ: une lutte,” in Gisèle Ampleman et al., Pratiques de conscientisation (Montréal: Nouvelle Optique, 1983), 39.Google Scholar

27 Black, Naomi, “Virginia Woolf: The Life of Natural Happiness,” in Spender, Dale (ed.), Feminist Theorists (New York: Pantheon Books, 1983), 300.Google Scholar

28 Haavio-Mannila, Elina, “Caregiving in the Welfare State,” Acta Sociologica 26 (1983), 61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

29 Prentice, Alison, “The Feminization of Teaching,” in Trofimenkoff and Prentice, Majority, 65.Google Scholar

30 Armstrong, Pat and Armstrong, Hugh, The Double Ghetto (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1978), 38.Google Scholar

31 Turner, Joan, “There Comes a Time,” in Turner, Joan and Emery, Lois (eds.), Perspectives on Women in the 1980's (Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1983), 8.Google Scholar

32 Québec, Gouvernement du, Présence des femmes et des hommes dans la fonction publiqtie du Québec (Québec: Ministère de la fonction publique, 1983).Google Scholar

33 Crown, Women Employees Office, Report 1982/83 (Toronto: Ontario Women's Directorate, 1983).Google Scholar

34 City of Toronto, Equal Opportunity Review 1980–81 (Toronto: City of Toronto, 1982), xvii.Google Scholar

35 The category “cadres supérieurs” contained, in 1983, 2,700 individuals, including 125 women.

36 The executive compensation plan group was therefore only 8 per cent female. See Crown, Women Employees Office, Report 1982/83. 42.Google Scholar

37 Simard, Carolle, L'administration contre les femmes (Montréal: Boréal Express, 1983), 14.Google Scholar

38 Vickers, Jill McCalla and Brodie, M. Janine, “Canada,” in Lovenduski, Joni and Hills, Jill (eds.). The Politics of the Second Electorate (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981), 70.Google Scholar

39 Ibid., 66.

40 Burstyn, Varda, “Masculine Dominance and the State,” in Miliband, Ralph and Saville, John (eds.), The Socialist Register 1983 (London: The Merlin Press, 1983), 76.Google Scholar

41 Dorothy E. Smith, “Women, Class and Family,” ibid., 40.

42 National Council of Welfare, Sixty-Five and Older (Ottawa: Government of Canada, 1984), 64.Google Scholar

43 And the Poor Gel Poorer (Toronto: Social Planning Council of Metropolitan Toronto and the Ontario Social Development Council, 1983), 58.Google Scholar

44 Moore-Milroy, Beth, Woman and Housing (Ottawa: Social Planning Council, Housing Committee, 1984).Google Scholar See also McClain, Janet and Doyle, Cassie, Women and Housing: Changing Needs and the Failure of Policy (Toronto: James Lorimer, 1984).Google Scholar

45 National Council on Welfare, Women and Poverty (Ottawa: National Council on Welfare, 1979), 25.Google Scholar

46 Eichler, Margrit, “Women, Families and the State,” in Turner, and Emery, , Perspectives on Women, 122.Google Scholar

47 Wilson, Elizabeth, Women and the Welfare Slate (London: Tavistock Publications, 1977), 9.Google Scholar

48 Laurin-Frenette, Nicole, “Feminisme et anarchisme,” in Cohen, Yolande (ed.), Femmes et politique (Montréal: Le Jour éditeur, 1981), 178.Google Scholar

49 London Edinburgh Weekend Return Group, In and Against the State (London: Pluto Press, 1980), 15–16.Google Scholar

50 O'Connell, Dorothy, Chiclet Gomez (Ottawa: Deneau & Greenberg), 116.Google Scholar

51 Beaudry, Micheline, Les maisons desfemmes battues au Québec (Montréal: Éditions Saint-Martin, 1984), 23.Google Scholar

52 Duguay, Claire and Sève, Micheline de, “Tant d'amarres à larguer: une analyse des pratiques du mouvement des femmes,” Politique 5 (1984), 52.Google Scholar

53 Piven, Frances Fox, “Women and the State: Ideology, Bower and the Welfare State,” Socialist Review 74 (1984), 14.Google Scholar

54 Ibid.

55 One could also argue that recent efforts to recruit women to senior bureaucratic positions support this position. See the 1983 annual report of the federal Public Service Commission for figures showing the increase in the recruitment of women in the senior ranks.

56 Allan Moscovitch, “The Welfare State since 1975,” paper presented to the annual conference of I'Association d'économie politique, Montreal, October 1983, 21–22.

57 Flood, Cynthia, “Women Against the Budget,” Canadian Dimension 18 (1984), 13.Google Scholar

58 Ibid.

59 Connolly, Pamela, “Issues Facing a Feminist Counsellor in a Traditional Setting.” Breaking the Silence 2 (1983), 14.Google Scholar