Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T02:15:13.075Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ténacité et flexibilité dans la poursuite de projets personnels: Impact sur le bien-être à la retraite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Lucie Trépanier ,
Sylvie Lapierre ,
Jacques Baillargeon  and
Léandre Bouffard
Lucie Trépanier
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
Sylvie Lapierre
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
Jacques Baillargeon
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
Léandre Bouffard
Affiliation:
Uniuersité de Sherbrooke
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This research pertained to personal goals during retirement and especially to the influence of tenacity and flexibility on measures of psychological well-being. The participants (N = 147) had been retired for less than three years and were aged between 49 and 75 years (M = 58 years). The participants had to identify four personal goals and rate each of them along 15 dimensions. Psychological well-being was evaluated with scales of depression, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Regression analyses showed that flexibility in the presence of obstacles to the realization of goals accounts for 44 per cent of the variance in depression, 29 per cent of life satisfaction and 25 per cent of self-esteem. Tenacity had a more modest impact. Flexibility seems to be the strategy which is most useful in facing difficulties in the pursuit of goals during retirement.

Résumé

Cette recherche s'intéresse aux projets personnels lors de la transition vers la retraite et plus particulièrement à l'influence de la ténacité et de la flexibilité sur le bien-être psychologique. Les 147 participants étaient retraités depuis moins de trois ans et âgés entre 49 et 75 an. Les participants ont identifié quatre projets personnels et les ont évalués selon 15 caractéristiques. Le bien-être à été évalué à l'aide d'échelles de dépression, d'estime de soi et de satisfaction de vie. Les analyses de régression ont démontré que l'utilisation de la flexibité en présence d'obstacles à la réalisation des buts explique 44 pour cent de la variance de la dépression, 29 pour cent de la satisfaction de vie et 25 pour cent de l'estime de soi. L'influence de la ténacité fut beaucoup plus modeste. La flexibilité semble done être une stratégie très efficace afin de faire face aux difficultés dans la poursuite de buts à la retraite.

Keywords

Butsbien-êtreretraiteadaptationsatisfactiondépression.GoalsWeil-BeingRetirementAdaptationSatisfactionDepression.
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , Hiver/Winter 2001 , pp. 557 - 576
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Atchley, R.C. (1975). Adjustment to loss of job at retirement. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 6(1), 17–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atchley, R.C. (1976). Tbe sociology of retirement. Cambridge, MA: Shenkman.Google Scholar
Atchley, R.C. (1994). Social forces and aging (7th éd). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Atchley, R.C, & Robinson, J.L. (1982). Attitudes toward retirement and distance from the event. Research on Aging, 4(3), 299–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, (1993). Théorie sociale-cognitive des buts, (L. Bouffard, Trans.). Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 14(2), 43–84.Google Scholar
Beck, A.T., Rush, A.S., Shaw, B.F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bédard, R. (1994). Modifier la structure psychologique de sa vie pour une meilleure préparation à la retraite. La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 13(2), 288–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blais, M.R., Vallerand, R.J., Pelletier, L.G., & Brière, N.M. (1989). L'Échelle de satisfaction de vie: Validation canadienne-française du “Satisfaction with Life Scale”. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 21(2), 210–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bossé, R., Aldwin, C.M., Levenson, M.R., & Workman-Daniel, K. (1991). How stressful is retirement? Findings from the normative aging study. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 46, 9–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bossé, R., Levenson, M.R., Spiro, A., Aldwin, C.M., & Mroczek, D.K. (1992). In Vellas, B. & Albarède, J.L. (Éds.), Facts and research in gerontology (pp. 224–240). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Bouffard, L., Lapierre, S., & Dubé, M. (2001). Les buts personnels et le bien-être psychologique: revue de recherches. Manuscrit sounds pour publication. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières.Google Scholar
Bourque, P., Blanchard, L., & Vézina, J. (1990). Étude psychométrique de l'Échelle de Dépression Gériatrique. La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 9(4), 348–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandtstädter, J., & Greve, W. (1994). The aging self: stabilizing and protective processes. Developmental Review, 14, 52–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandtstädter, J., & Renner, G. (1990). Tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment: Explication and age-related analysis of assimilative and accommodative strategies of coping. Psychology and Aging, 5(1), 58–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brandtstädter, J., & Rothermund, K. (1994). Self-percepts of control in middle and later adulthood: Buffering losses by rescaling goals. Psychology and Aging, 9(2), 265–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brandtstädter, J., Rothermund, K., & Schmitz, U. (1997). Coping resources in later life. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, 47, 107–113.Google Scholar
Brim, G. (1988). Losing and winning. Psychology Today, 9, 48–52.Google Scholar
Brunstein, J.C (1993). Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 1061–1070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calasanti, T.M. (1996). Gender differences and life satisfaction in retirement: An assessment of the male model. Journal of Gerontology, 51B(1), S18–S29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, M.-A., & Cook, K. (1995). Adaptation to retirement: Role changes and psychological resources. The Career Development Quarterly, 44, 67–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen-Mansfield, J. (1990). Perceived control, reinforcement, satisfaction, and depression in community elderly. The Journal of Applied Gerontology, 9(4), 492–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conner, K.A., Dorfman, L.T., & Tompkins, J.B. (1985). Life satisfaction of retired professors: The contribution of work, health, income and length of retirement. Educational Gerontology, 11, 337–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Grâce, G.-R., Joshi, P., Pelletier, R., & Beaupré, C. (1994). Conséquences psychologiques de la retraite en fonction du sexe et du niveau occupationnel antérieur. La Revue canadienne du viellissement, 13(2), 149–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1995). Resources, personal striving, and subjective well-being: A nomothetic and idiographic approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(5), 926–935.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dorfman, L.T. (1989). Retirement preparation and retirement satisfaction in the rural elderly. The Journal of Applied Gerontology, 8(4), 432–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubé, M., Bouffard, L., Lapierre, S., Labelle, R., Bastin, E., Lemieux, C., & Gervais, M. (1999). Le bien-être par la gestion des buts personnels: Une intervention de groupe auprès des retraités. Trois-Rivières: Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Laboratoire de Gérontologie.Google Scholar
Ekerdt, D.J., Bosse, R., & Levkoff, S. (1985). An empirical test for phases of retirement: Findings from the normative aging study. Journal of Gerontology, 40(1), 95–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekerdt, D.J., Bosse, R., & LoCastro, J.S. (1983). Claims that retirement improves health. Journal of Gerontology, 38(2), 231–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmons, R.A. (1986). Personal striving: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(5), 1058–1068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmons, R.A. (1997). Les buts personnels, le bonheur et le sens à la vie, (L. Bouffard, Trans.). Revue Québecoise de Psychologie, 18(2).Google Scholar
Emmons, R.A., & King, L.A. (1988). Conflict among personal striving: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1040–1048.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fillenbaum, G.G., George, L.K., & Palmore, E.B. (1985). Determinants and consequences of retirement among men of different races and economic levels. Journal of Gerontology, 40(1), 85–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gall, T.L., Evans, D.R., & Howard, J. (1997). The retirement adjustment process: Changes in the well-being of male retirees across time. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 52B(3), P110–P117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, L.K., Fillenbaum, G.G., & Palmore, E. (1984). Sex differences in the antecedents and consequences of retirement. Journal of Gerontology, 39(3), 364–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardy, M.A., & Quadagno, J. (1995). Satisfaction with early retirement: Making choices in the auto industry. Journal of Gerontology, 50B(4), S217–S228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckhausen, J. (1997). Developmental regulation across adulthood: Primary and secondary control of age related challenges. Developmental Psychology, 33(1), 176–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howard, J.H., Marshall, J., Rechnitzer, P.A., Cunningham, P.A., & Doner, A. (1982). Adapting to retirement. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 30(8), 489–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, J.R., & Westcott, G. (1991). Ordinary retirement: Commonalties and continuity. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 32(2), 81–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, N. (1986). Stress and coping: Reconceptualizing the role of the locus of control beliefs. Journal of Gerontology, 41(5), 617–622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhl, J., & Helle, P. (1986). Motivational and volitional determinants of depression: The degenarated-intention hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 247–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lapierre, S., Baillargeon, J., Bouffard, L., Dubé, M., & Klapper, U. (1998). Ténacité et flexibilité dans la poursuite des buts chez les plus de 55 ans. Communication présentée au Congrès International Francophone de Gérontologie, Genève, Suisse.Google Scholar
Lapierre, S., Bouffard, L., & Bastin, E. (1997). Personal goals and subjective well-being. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 45(4), 287–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lavallée, L.F., & Campbell, J.D. (1995). Impact of personal goals on self-regulation processes elicited by daily negative events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(2), 341–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lecci, L., Okun, M.A, & Karoly, P. (1994). Life regrets and current goals as predictors of psychological adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 731–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, B.R. (1983). Personal projets: A rationale method for investigation. Environment and Behavior, 15, 273–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, B.R. (1993). Personal projects and the distributed self: Aspects of a cognitive psychology. Suls, Dans J. (Éd.), Psychological perspectives on the self: Vol.4. The self in perspective (pp. 157–183). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Markus, H., & Ruvolo, A. (1989). Possible selves: Personalized representation of goal. Pervin, Dans L.A. (Éd.), Goal concepts in personality and social psychology (pp 211–241). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Ass.Google Scholar
Maule, A.J., Cliff, D.R., & Taylor, R. (1996). Early retirement decisions and how they affect later quality of life. Aging and Society, 16, 177–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClure, J., & Hilton, D. (1997). For you can't always get what you want: When preconditions are better explanations than goals. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 223–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melton, M.A., Hersen, M., Van Sickle, T.D., & Van Hasselt, V.B. (1995). Parameters of marriage in older adults: A review of the litterature. Clinical Psychology Review, 15(8), 891–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midanik, L.T., Soghikian, K., Ransom, L.J., & Tekawa, I.S. (1995). The effect of retirement on mental health and health behaviours: The Kaiser permanent retirement study. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 508, S59–S61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monette, M. (1996). Les nouveaux parcours entourant la retraite au Canada. Ottawa: Statistique Canada.Google Scholar
Nuttin (1980). Motivation et perspectives d'avenir. Louvain: Presse Universitaire de Louvain.Google Scholar
Osgood, N.J., & Mizruchi, E.H. (1982). Participation in work, retirement and leisure: A comparison of blue collar, white collar and professional workers. Osgood, Dans N.J. (Éd.), Life after work: Retirement, leisure, recreation and the elderly (pp. 221–248). New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Palys, T.S., & Little, B.R. (1983). Perceived life satisfaction and the organisation of personal project systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(6), 1221–1230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, E.C., Robbins, S.C., & Dougherty, L. (1991). Goal directedness and older adults adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(3), 302–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plamondon, G., & Plamondon, L. (1982). Les éléments de la crise de la retraite. Aumond, Dans M. (Éd.), Éléments de gérontologie (pp. 201–222). Montréal: Maurice Aumond.Google Scholar
Rapkin, B.D., & Fischer, K. (1992). Framing the construct of life satisfaction in terms of older adults personal goals. Psychology and Aging, 7(1), 138–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Régie des Rentes de Québec (1998). Statistiques concernant les nouveaux bénéfi–ciaires (communication personnelle), avril 1999.Google Scholar
Reis, M., & Gold, D.P. (1993). Retirement, personality and life satisfaction: A review and two models. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 12(2), 261–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reker, G.T., Peacock, E.J., & Wong, P.T. (1987). Meaning, purpose in life and well-being: A life span perspective. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 44–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, V.E. (1993). Retirement counseling. A handbook for gerontology practitioners. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Richardson, V.E., & Kilty, K.M. (1991). Adjustment to retirement: Continuity versus discontinuity. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 33(2), 151–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robbins, S.B., Lee, R.M., & Wan, T.H. (1994). Goal continuity as a mediator of early retirement adjustment: Testing a multidimensional model. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 41(1), 18–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robbins, S.B., Payne, E.C., & Chartrand, J.M. (1990). Goal instability and later life adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 5(3), 447–450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ruehlman, L.S., & Wolchik, S.A. (1988). Personal goals and interpersonal support and hindrance as factors in psychological distress and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 293–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seccombe, K., & Lee, G.R. (1986). Gender differences in retirement satisfaction and its antecedents. Research on Aging, 8(3), 426–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shapiro, E., & Roos, N.P. (1982). Retired and employed elderly persons: Their utilisation of health care services. The Gerontologist, 22(2), 187–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, L.C., & Robbins, S.B. (1988). Validity of the Goal Instability Scale (modified) as a predictor of adjustment in retirement-aged adults. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 35(3), 325–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stull, D.E. (1988). A dyadic approach to predicting well-being in later life. Research on Aging, 10(1), 81–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thériault, J. (1994). Retirement as a psychological transition: Process of adaptation to change. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 38(2), 153–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thibodeau, G. (1990). Le milieu de vie en intéraction avec le désir de contrôle, la résignation acquise, l'estime de soi et les stéréotypes chez les personnes âgées. Mémoire de maîtrise, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières.Google Scholar
Vinick, B.H., & Ekerdt, D.J. (1992). Couples view retirement activities. Expectations versus experiences. Szinovacz, Dans M., Ekerdt, D.J., & Vinick, B.H. (Éds.), Families and retirement (pp. 129–144). Newbury Park: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yesavage, J.A., Brink, T.L., Rose, T.L., Lum, O., Huang, V., & Adey, M. (1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar