Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T22:37:26.889Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Evaluation of arterial stiffness and central blood pressure by oscillometric method in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

Cansu Sivrikaya Yildirim
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
Pelin Kosger
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
Tugcem Akin*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
Birsen Ucar
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
*
Author for correspondence: T. Akin, MD, Pediatric Cardiologist, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. Tel: +905316748195; Fax: +902222393772. Email: doktorakin67@gmail.com

Abstract

Children with a family history of hypertension have higher blood pressure and hypertensive pathophysiological changes begin before clinical findings. Here, the presence of arterial stiffness was investigated using central blood pressure measurement and pulse wave analysis in normotensive children with at least one parent with essential hypertension. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory pulse wave analysis monitoring was performed by oscillometric method in a study group of 112 normotensive children of hypertensive parents aged between 7 and 18 comparing with a control group of 101 age- and gender-matched normotensive children of normotensive parents. Pulse wave velocity, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure values were higher in the study group than the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). In all age groups (7–10, 11–14, and 15–18 years), pulse wave velocity was higher in the study group than the control group (p < 0.001). Pulse wave velocity was higher in children whose both parents are hypertensive compared to the children whose only mothers are hypertensive (p = 0.011). Pulse wave velocity values were positively correlated with age, weight, height, and body mass index (p < 0.05). Higher pulse wave velocity, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure values detected in the study group can be considered as early signs of hypertensive vascular changes. Pulse wave analysis can be a reliable, non-invasive, and reproducible method that can allow taking necessary precautions regarding lifestyle to prevent disease and target organ damage by detecting early hypertensive changes in genetically risky children.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Candan, G, Caliskan, S. The approach to hypertension in childhood. Turk Arch Pediatr 2005; 40: 1522.Google Scholar
Van den Elzen, AP, de Ridder, MA, Grobbee, DE, Hofman, A, Witteman, JC, Uiterwaal, CS. Families and the natural history of blood pressure. a 27-year follow-up study. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17: 936940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Staessen, JA, Wang, J, Bianchi, G, Birkenhäger, WH. Essential hypertension. Lancet 2003; 261: 16291641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mancia, G, Fagard, R, Narkiewicz, K, et al. ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Blood Press 2013; 22: 193278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmenhorst, J, Hulpke-Wette, M, Barta, C, Dalla Pozza, R, Springer, S, Oberhoffer, R. Percentiles for central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity in children and adolescents recorded with an oscillometric device. Atherosclerosis 2015; 238: 916.10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.11.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khyzha, N, Alizada, A, Wilson, MD, Fish, JE. Epigenetics of atherosclerosis: emerging mechanisms and methods. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23: 332347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, CP, Baugh, R, Wilson, CA, Burns, J. Age related changes in the tunica media of the vertebral artery: implications for the assessment of vessels injured by trauma. J Clin Pathol 2001; 54: 139145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirata, K, Kawakami, M, O‘Rourke, MF. Pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity: a review of blood pressure interpretation 100 years after Korotkov. Circ J 2006; 70: 12311239.10.1253/circj.70.1231CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kavey, RW, Daniels, SR, Lauer, RM, Atkins, DL, Hayman, LL, Taubert, K. American Heart Association guidelines for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease beginning in childhood. Circulation 2003; 107: 15621566.10.1161/01.CIR.0000061521.15730.6ECrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
García-Espinosa, V, Curcio, S, Marotta, M, et al. Changes in central aortic pressure levels, wave components and determinants associated with high peripheral blood pressure states in childhood: analysis of hypertensive phenotype. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37: 13401350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, T, Wassertheurer, S, Rammer, M, et al. Validation of a brachial cuff-based method for estimating central systolic blood pressure. Hypertension 2011; 58: 825832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness’ Collaboration. Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: ‘establishing normal and reference values’. Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 23382350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boutouyrie, P, Vermeersch, S, Laurent, S, Briet, M. Cardiovascular risk assessment through target organ damage: role of carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35: 530533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pelà, G, Pattoneri, P, Passera, M, et al. Normotensive male offspring of essential hypertensive parents show early changes in left ventricular geometry independent of blood pressure. Echocardiography 2011; 28: 821828.10.1111/j.1540-8175.2011.01458.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toker, RT, Yildirim, A, Demir, T, Ucar, B, Kilic, Z. Circadian blood pressure rhythm in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents. Cardiol J 2015; 22: 172178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kazim, SF, Salman, MB, Zubairi, AJ, Afzal, A, Ahmad, U, Frossard, PM. Offsprings of hypertensive parents have higher blood pressure and BMI. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2008; 18: 6465.Google ScholarPubMed
Grunfeld, B, Gimenez, M, Romo, M, Rabinovich, L, Simsolo, RB. Calcium-ATPase and insulin in adolescent offspring of essential hypertensive parents. 1995; 26: 1070–1073.Google Scholar
Andersson, C, Quiroz, R, Enserro, D, et al. Association of parental hypertension with arterial stiffness in nonhypertensive offspring: the Framingham Heart Study. 2016; 68: 584–589.Google Scholar
Vlachopoulos, C, Aznaouridis, K, O’rourke, MF, Safar, ME, Baou, K, Stefanadis, C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with central haemodynamics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 18651871.10.1093/eurheartj/ehq024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Othman, AS, Othman, NI, Rosman, A, Nudin, SS, Rahman, AR. Central and peripheral blood pressure profile of young offspring with hypertensive and normotensive parents. J Hypertens 2012; 30: 15521555.10.1097/HJH.0b013e328355207bCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shiraishi, M, Murakami, T, Higashi, K. The accuracy of central blood pressure obtained by oscillometric noninvasive method using Mobil-O-Graph in children and adolescents. J Hypertens 2020; 38: 813820.10.1097/HJH.0000000000002360CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cote, AT, Harris, KC, Panagiotopoulos, C, Sandor, GG, Devlin, AM. Childhood obesity and cardiovascular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62: 13091319.10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.042CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kulsum-Mecci, N, Goss, C, Kozel, BA, Garbutt, JM, Schechtman, KB, Dharnidharka, VR. Effects of obesity and hypertension on pulse wave velocity in children. J Clin Hypertens 2017; 19: 221226.10.1111/jch.12892CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughan, KS, Tfayli, H, Warren-Ulanch, JG, Barinas-Mitchell, E, Arslanian, SA. Early biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in obese adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr 2016; 168: 104111.10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.082CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Celik, A, Ozcetin, M, Yerli, Y, et al. Increased aortic pulse wave velocity in obese children. Arch Turk Soc Cardiol 2011; 39: 557562.10.5543/tkda.2011.01694CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuerová, J, Filipovský, J, Staessen, JA, et al. Arterial characteristics in normotensive offspring of parents with or without a history of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19: 264269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kyvelou, SMG, Vyssoulis, GP, Karpanou, EA, et al. Arterial stiffness in offspring of hypertensive parents: a pilot study. Int J Cardiol 2008; 129: 438440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buus, NH, Carlsen, RK, Khatir, DS, Eiskjaer, H, Mulvany, MJ, Skov, K. Arterial stiffness and peripheral vascular resistance in offspring of hypertensive parents: influence of sex and other confounders. J Hypertens 2018; 36: 815823.10.1097/HJH.0000000000001645CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munger, RG, Prineas, RJ, Gomez-Marin, O. Persistent elevation of blood pressure among children with a family history of hypertension: the Minneapolis Children’s Blood Pressure Study. J Hypertens 1988; 6: 647653.10.1097/00004872-198808000-00008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bao, W, Threefoot, SA, Srinivasan, SR, Berenson, GS. Essential hypertension predicted by tracking of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8: 657665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yildirim, A, Kosger, P, Ozdemir, G, Sahin, FM, Ucar, B, Kilic, Z. Carotid intima-media thickness and elastic properties of aortas in normotensive children of hypertensive parents. Hypertens Res 2015; 38: 621626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yasmin, Falzone R, Brown, MJ. Determinants of arterial stiffness in offspring of families with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17: 292298.10.1016/j.amjhyper.2003.12.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krzesiński, P, Stańczyk, A, Gielerak, G, et al. Sex determines cardiovascular hemodynamics in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2015; 29: 610617.10.1038/jhh.2014.134CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, NY, Young, JH, Meoni, LA, Ford, DE, Erlinger, TP, Klag, MJ. Blood pressure change and risk of hypertension associated with parental hypertension: the Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 643648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeStefano, AL, Gavras, H, Heard-Costa, N, et al. Maternal component in the familial aggregation of hypertension. Clin Genet 2001; 60: 1321.10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600103.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitsumata, K, Saitoh, S, Ohnishi, H, Akasaka, H, Miura, T. Effects of parental hypertension on longitudinal trends in blood pressure and plasma metabolic profile: mixed-effects model analysis. 2012; 60: 1124–1130.Google Scholar
Evelein, AM, Geerts, CC, Bots, ML, van der Ent, CK, Grobbee, DE, Uiterwaal, CS. Parental blood pressure is related to vascular properties of their 5-year-old offspring. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25: 907913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodríguez-Moran, M, Aradillas-García, C, Simental-Mendia, LE, et al. Family history of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23: 299304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reusz, GS, Cseprekal, O, Temmar, M, et al. Reference values of pulse wave velocity in healthy children and teenagers. Hypertension 2010; 56: 217224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yiming, G, Zhou, X, Lv, W, et al. Reference values of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity according to age and blood pressure in a central Asia population. PloS One 2017; 12: e0171737. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0171737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar