Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T15:16:04.145Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lessons learned from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry (PCMR) Study Group*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 September 2015

James D. Wilkinson ,
Joslyn A. Westphal ,
Neha Bansal ,
Jason D. Czachor ,
Hiedy Razoky  and
Steven E. Lipshultz
James D. Wilkinson
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Research Center of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
Joslyn A. Westphal
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Research Center of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
Neha Bansal
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
Jason D. Czachor
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Research Center of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
Hiedy Razoky
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Research Center of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
Steven E. Lipshultz*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children’s Research Center of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
*
Correspondence to: S. E. Lipshultz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 1K40, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America.Tel: +313 745 5870; Fax: +313 993 0390; E-mail: slipshultz@med.wayne.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cardiomyopathy is a rare disorder of the heart muscle, affecting 1.13 cases per 100,000 children, from birth to 18 years of age. Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of heart transplantation in children over the age of 1. The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry funded in 1994 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute was established to examine the epidemiology of the disease in children below 18 years of age. More than 3500 children across the United States and Canada have been enrolled in the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry, which has followed-up these patients until death, heart transplantation, or loss to follow-up. The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry has provided the most in-depth illustration of this disease regarding its aetiology, clinical course, associated risk factors, and patient outcomes. Data from the registry have helped in guiding the clinical management of cardiomyopathy in children under 18 years of age; however, questions still remain regarding the most clinically effective diagnostic and treatment approaches for these patients. Future directions of the registry include the use of next-generation whole-exome sequencing and cardiac biomarkers to identify aetiology-specific treatments and improve diagnostic strategies. This article provides a brief synopsis of the work carried out by the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry since its inception, including the current knowledge on the aetiologies, outcomes, and treatments of cardiomyopathy in children.

Keywords

Cardiomyopathypaediatricspatient registryheart failurePediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 25 , Supplement S2: Special Supplement of Cardiology in the Young: Proceedings of the 2015 International Paediatric Heart Failure Summit of Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute , August 2015 , pp. 140 - 153
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Presented at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Heart Institute, International Pediatric Heart Failure Summit, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America, 4–5 February, 2015.

References

1. Andrews, RE, Fenton, MJ, Ridout, DA, Burch, M. New-onset heart failure due to heart muscle disease in childhood: a prospective study in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Circulation 2008; 117: 79–84.Google Scholar
2. Massin, MM, Astadicko, I, Dessy, H. Epidemiology of heart failure in a tertiary pediatric center. Clin Cardiol 2008; 31: 388–391.Google Scholar
3. Towbin, JA, Lowe, AM, Colan, SD, et al. Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children. JAMA 2006; 296: 1867–1876.Google Scholar
4. Webber, SA. New-onset heart failure in children in the absence of structural congenital heart disease. Circulation 2008; 117: 11–12.Google Scholar
5. Grenier, MA, Osganian, SK, Cox, GF, et al. Design and implementation of the North American Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Am Heart J 2000; 139: S86–S95.Google Scholar
6. Lipshultz, SE, Sleeper, LA, Towbin, JA, et al. The incidence of pediatric cardiomyopathy in two regions of the United States. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1647–1655.Google Scholar
7. Arola, A, Jokinen, E, Ruuskanen, O, et al. Epidemiology of idiopathic cardiomyopathies in children and adolescents. A nationwide study in Finland. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 385–393.Google Scholar
8. Nugent, AW, Daubeney, PE, Chondros, P, et al. The epidemiology of childhood cardiomyopathy in Australia. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1639–1646.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Cox, GF, Sleeper, LA, Lowe, AM, et al. Factors associated with establishing a causal diagnosis for children with cardiomyopathy. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 1519–1531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Towbin, JA, Sleeper, L, Jefferies, JL, et al. Genetic and viral genome analysis of childhood cardiomyopathy: the PCMR/PCSR experience (abstract). J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: E409.Google Scholar
11. Alvarez, JA, Orav, EJ, Wilkinson, JD, et al. Competing risks for death and cardiac transplantation in children with dilated cardiomyopathy: results from the pediatric cardiomyopathy registry. Circulation 2011; 124: 814–823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Everitt, MD, Sleeper, LA, Lu, M, et al. Recovery of echocardiographic function in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: results from the pediatric cardiomyopathy registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63: 1405–1413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Kantor, PF, Orav, EJ, Wilkinson, J, et al. Progressive left ventricular changes predict the likelihood of survival in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: findings from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry (abstract). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59: E740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Pahl, E, Sleeper, LA, Canter, CE, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for sudden cardiac death in children with dilated cardiomyopathy: a report from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59: 607–615.Google Scholar
15. Alvarez, JA, Wilkinson, JD, Lipshultz, SE. Outcome predictors for pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 25–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16. Connuck, DM, Sleeper, LA, Colan, SD, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of cardiomyopathy in children with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy: a comparative study from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Am Heart J 2008; 155: 998–1005.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17 Foerster, SR, Canter, CE, Cinar, A. Ventricular remodeling and survival are more favorable for myocarditis than for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in childhood: an outcomes study from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Circ Heart Fail 2010; 3: 689–697.Google Scholar
18. Rusconi, P, Wilkinson, JD, Sleeper, LA, et al. Outcomes in children with familial dilated cardiomyopathy compared to children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (abstract). Circulation 2010; 122: A16092.Google Scholar
19. Colan, SD, Lipshultz, SE, Lowe, AM, et al. Epidemiology and cause-specific outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children: findings from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Circulation 2007; 115: 773–781.Google Scholar
20. Lipshultz, SE, Orav, EJ, Wilkinson, JD, et al. Risk stratification at diagnosis for children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an analysis of data from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Lancet 2013; 382: 1889–1897.Google Scholar
21. Wilkinson, JD, Lowe, AM, Salbert, BA, et al. Outcomes in children with Noonan syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a study from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Am Heart J 2012; 164: 442–448.Google Scholar
22. Webber, SA, Lipshultz, SE, Sleeper, LA, et al. Outcomes of restrictive cardiomyopathy in childhood and the influence of phenotype: a report from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. Circulation 2012; 126: 1237–1244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Jefferies, JL, Colan, SD, Sleeper, LA, et al. Outcomes and risk stratification for children with left ventricular noncompaction: findings from the pediatric cardiomyopathy registry (abstract). Circulation 2009: 120.Google Scholar
24. Harmon, WG, Sleeper, LA, Cuniberti, L, et al. Treating children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry). Am J Cardiol 2009; 104: 281–286.Google Scholar
25. Kirklin, JK PF, McGiffin, DC, Dabal, R. Surgical therapies for advanced heart failure in pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 3–6.Google Scholar
26. Hsu, DT, Naftel, DC, Webber, SA, et al. Lessons learned from the pediatric heart transplant study. Congenit Heart Dis 2006; 1: 54–62.Google Scholar
27. Larsen, RL, Canter, CE, Naftel, DC, et al. The impact of heart failure severity at time of listing for cardiac transplantation on survival in pediatric cardiomyopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30: 755–760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28. Canter, CE, Kantor, PF. Heart transplant for pediatric cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 67–72.Google Scholar
29. Pietra, BA, Kantor, PF, Bartlett, HL, et al. Early predictors of survival to and after heart transplantation in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2012; 126: 1079–1086.Google Scholar
30. Singh, TP, Sleeper, LA, Lipshultz, S, et al. Association of left ventricular dilation at listing for heart transplant with postlisting and early posttransplant mortality in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2009; 2: 591–598.Google Scholar
31. Sleeper, LA, Colan, SD, Towbin, JA, et al. Functional status is impaired and correlated with clinical status in pediatric cardiomoypathy (abstract). Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery 2009; 5: 134.Google Scholar
32. Alcalai, R, Arad, M, Depreux, F, et al. Hypertrophy, electrical abnormalities, autophagic vacuoles accumulation and cardiac fibrosis in LAMP2 cardiomyopathy mouse model. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 73–74.Google Scholar
33. Chung, WK. Predictive genetic testing for cardiomyopathies. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 33–38.Google Scholar
34. Colan, SD. Classification of the cardiomyopathies. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 5–15.Google Scholar
35. Cooper, LT Jr. Giant cell myocarditis in children. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 47–49.Google Scholar
36. Cox, GF. Diagnostic approaches to pediatric cardiomyopathy of metabolic genetic etiologies and their relation to therapy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 15–25.Google Scholar
37. Dellefave, LM, McNally, EM. Cardiomyopathy in neuromuscular disorders. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 35–46.Google Scholar
38. Hsu, DT. Age-related factors in child heart transplants. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 73–79.Google Scholar
39. Jefferies, JL. Novel medical therapies for pediatric heart failure. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 61–66.Google Scholar
40. Joshi, VA, Roberts, AE, Kucherlapati, RS. Noonan syndrome associated congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the role of sarcomere gene mutations. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 75–76.Google Scholar
41. Kaufman, BD, Shaddy, RE. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade and pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 51–57.Google Scholar
42. Kishnani, PS, BurnsWechsler, S, Li, JS. Enzyme-deficiency metabolic cardiomyopathies and the role of enzyme replacement therapy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 39–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43. Mestroni, L, Miyamoto, SD, Taylor, MRG. Genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy conduction disease. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 3–13.Google Scholar
44. Miller, TL, Neri, D, Extein, J, Somarriba, G, Strickman-Stein, N. Nutrition in pediatric cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 59–71.Google Scholar
45. Ratnasamy, C, Kinnamon, DD, Lipshultz, SE, Rusconi, PG. Associations between neurohormonal and inflammatory activation and heart failure in children. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 81–82.Google Scholar
46. Rodrigues, CO, Shehadeh, LA, Webster, KA, Bishopric, NH. Myocyte deficiency as a target in the treatment of cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 49–59.Google Scholar
47. Rossano, JW, Dreyer, WJ, Kim, JJ, et al. Pre-transplant serum creatinine predicts long-term outcome in pediatric heart transplant patients. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 77–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48. Sheikh, F, Chen, J. Mouse models for cardiomyopathy research. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 27–34.Google Scholar
49. Sokol, KC, Armstrong, FD, Rosenkranz, ER, et al. Ethical issues in children with cardiomyopathy: making sense of ethical challenges in the clinical setting. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 81–87.Google Scholar
50. Taylor, MRG. When echocardiogram screening “is not enough”. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 24: 79–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51. Weintraub, RG, Nugent, AW, Daubeney, PEF. Pediatric cardiomyopathy: the Australian experience. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 23: 17–24.Google Scholar
52. Bublik, N, Alvarez, JA, Lipshultz, SE. Pediatric cardiomyopathy as a chronic disease: a perspective on comprehensive care programs. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 103–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53. Colan, SD. Clinical issues in the pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 27–29.Google Scholar
54. Fisher, SD, Etherington, A, Schwartz, DB, Pearson, GD. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: an update. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 79–84.Google Scholar
55. Hill, KD, Hamid, R, Exil, VJ. Pediatric cardiomyopathies related to fatty acid metabolism. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 69–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56. Menon, SC, Olson, TM, Michels, VV. Genetics of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 57–67.Google Scholar
57. Negro, A, Dodge-Kafka, K, Kapiloff, MS. Signalosomes as therapeutic targets. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 51–56.Google Scholar
58. Somarriba, G, Extein, J, Miller, TL. Exercise rehabilitation in pediatric cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 91–102.Google Scholar
59. Towbin, JA. Molecular mechanisms of pediatric cardiomyopathies and new targeted therapies. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 3–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60. Webber, SA. Primary restrictive cardiomyopathy in childhood. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 85–90.Google Scholar
61. Wilkinson, JD, Lipshultz, SE. Epidemiological and outcomes research in children with pediatric cardiomyopathy: discussions from the international workshop on primary and idiopathic cardiomyopathies in children. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 23–25.Google Scholar
62. Wilkinson, JD, Sleeper, LA, Alvarez, JA, Bublik, N, Lipshultz, SE. The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry: 1995–2007. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 31–36.Google Scholar
63. Young, K, Hare, JM. Stem cells in cardiopulmonary development: implications for novel approaches to therapy for pediatric cardiopulmonary disease. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 25: 37–49.Google Scholar
64. Bernstein, D, Fajardo, G, Zhao, M. The role of β-adrenergic receptors in heart failure: differential regulation of cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 35–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65. Chung, WK. Novel gene discovery in pediatric cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 89–91.Google Scholar
66. Colan, SD. Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in childhood. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 13–19.Google Scholar
67. Dadlani, GH, Harmon, WG, Perez-Colon, E, et al. Diagnosis and screening of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 21–27.Google Scholar
68. Daly, KP, Colan, SD, Blume, ED, et al. Echocardiographic measures of systolic and diastolic function worsen in children 1 year after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 135.Google Scholar
69. Foerster, SR, Canter, CE. Contemporary etiology, outcomes, and therapy in pediatric myocarditis. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 123–128.Google Scholar
70. Frazier, AH, Ramirez-Correa, GA, Murphy, AM. Molecular mechanisms of sarcomere dysfunction in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 29–33.Google Scholar
71. Gambetta, K, Tambur, A, Kaushal, S, Backer, C, Pahl, E. The impact of serial donor specific antibody testing in pediatric heart transplant recipients – an early experience. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 137–138.Google Scholar
72. Hlaing, WM, Messiah, SE, Lipshultz, SE, Ludwig, DA. Obesity and length of hospital stay in children: a retrospective review of Florida Agency for Health Care Administration data. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 67–72.Google Scholar
73. Ho, CY. New paradigms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from genetics. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 93–98.Google Scholar
74. Hollander, SA, Rosenthal, DN. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in pediatric heart failure. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 111–117.Google Scholar
75. Kantor, PF, Rusconi, P. Biomarkers in pediatric heart failure: their role in diagnosis and evaluating disease progression. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 53–57.Google Scholar
76. Landy, DC, Miller, TL, Mitnik, GL, et al. LV structure, LV function, and serum NT-proBNP in childhood cancer survivors without anthracycline or cardiac radiation exposures. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 141–142.Google Scholar
77. Messiah, SE, Miller, TL, Lipshultz, SE, Bandstra, ES. Potential latent effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on growth and the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in childhood. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 59–65.Google Scholar
78. Payne, RM. The heart in Friedreich’s ataxia: basic findings and clinical implications. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 103–109.Google Scholar
79. Peter, AK, Cheng, H, Ross, RS, Knowlton, KU, Chen, J. The costamere bridges sarcomeres to the sarcolemma in striated muscle. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 83–88.Google Scholar
80. Pincott, ES, Burch, M. New biomarkers in heart failure. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 49–52.Google Scholar
81. Porter, GA Jr, Hom, JR, Hoffman, DL, et al. Bioenergetics, mitochondria, and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 75–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
82. Purevjav, E, Arimura, T, Augustin, S, et al. Cardiomyopathies due to mutations in the myopalladin gene: genotype–phenotype correlation. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 139–140.Google Scholar
83. Rampersaud, E, Siegfried, JD, Norton, N, et al. Rare variant mutations identified in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 39–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
84. Shaddy, RE. Randomized clinical trials and the treatment of pediatric cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 7–11.Google Scholar
85. Wang, H, Xin, B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Amish community – what we may learn from it. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 129–134.Google Scholar
86. Ware, SM. Genetic diagnosis in pediatric cardiomyopathy: clinical application and research perspectives. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 99–102.Google Scholar
87. Weintraub, RG, Nugent, AW, Davis, A, et al. Presentation, echocardiographic findings and long-term outcomes in children with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 31: 119–122.Google Scholar
88. Bernstein, D, Webber, S. New directions in basic research in hypertrophy and heart failure: relevance for pediatric cardiology. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 5–9.Google Scholar
89. Canter, CE, Cunningham, MW, Cooper, LT. Recent clinical and translational research on pediatric myocarditis. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 15–18.Google Scholar
90. Chung, W, Towbin, J. Genetic issues in pediatric cardiomyopathy: future research directions. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 3–4.Google Scholar
91. Conway, J, Dipchand, AI. Transplantation and pediatric cardiomyopathies: indications for listing and risk factors for death while waiting. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 51–54.Google Scholar
92. Gambetta, K, Tambur, A, Pahl, E. Immune monitoring of pediatric heart transplant recipients through serial donor specific antibody testing – an initial experience and review of the literature. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 43–49.Google Scholar
93. Kantor, PF, Rusconi, P, Lipshultz, S, et al. Current applications and future needs for biomarkers in pediatric cardiomyopathy and heart failure: summary from the Second International Conference on Pediatric Cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 11–14.Google Scholar
94. Kindel, SJ, Pahl, E. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy in children – treatment challenges. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 37–42.Google Scholar
95. Mital, S. Biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis: new insights. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 35–36.Google Scholar
96. Ricci, M, Lincoln, J. Molecular markers of cardiomyopathy in cyanotic pediatric heart disease. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 19–23.Google Scholar
97. Wilkinson, JD, Diamond, M, Miller, TL. The promise of cardiovascular biomarkers in assessing children with cardiac disease and in predicting cardiovascular events in adults. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 25–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
98. Wilkinson, JD, Zebrowski, JP, Hunter, JA, et al. Assessing the global and regional impact of primary cardiomyopathies: the Global Burden Of Diseases, Injuries And Risk Factors (GBD 2010) Study. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2011; 32: 55–63.Google Scholar
99. Burns, KM, Byrne, BJ, Gelb, BD, et al. New mechanistic and therapeutic targets for pediatric heart failure: report from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group. Circulation 2014; 130: 79–86.Google Scholar
100. Asimaki, A, Kleber, AG, MacRae, CA, Saffitz, JE. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy – new insights into disease mechanisms and drug discovery. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 3–7.Google Scholar
101. Bernstein, D, Burridge, P. Patient-specific pluripotent stem cells in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: a new window into personalized medicine. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 23–27.Google Scholar
102. Dedieu, N, Hussain, T, Burch, M. Imaging for coronary allograft vasculopathy in children and adolescents. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 29–35.Google Scholar
103. Mann, DL. The evolution of modern theory and therapy for heart failure. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 9–12.Google Scholar
104. Mason, SE, Lipshultz, SE, Kaushal, S, Fisher, S. The implication of coronary artery malformations and congenital heart disease on cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 19–22.Google Scholar
105. Mestroni, L, Brun, F, Spezzacatene, A, Sinagra, G, Taylor, MRG. Genetic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 13–18.Google Scholar
106. Parent, JJ. Fibrillin-1 gene mutations in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 41.Google Scholar
107. Schuetze, KB, McKinsey, TA. Suppression of pathological cardiac fibrosis by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 37.Google Scholar
108. Simpson, KE, Cunningham, MW, Lee, CK, et al. Children with myocarditis and new onset dilated cardiomyopathy have evidence of autoimmunity and viremia at presentation. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 39–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
109. VanderPluym, CJ. Mechanical circulatory support strategies for myocardial recovery. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 45.Google Scholar
110. Weintraub, RG, Everitt, MD, Alexander, PMA, Wilkinson, JD, Lipshultz, SE. Do selection criteria for children with dilated cardiomyopathy enrolled in national registries explain differences in outcomes? Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 47–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
111. Wittlieb-Weber, CA, Lin, KY, Zaoutis, TE, et al. Pediatric versus adult cardiomyopathy and heart failure related hospitalizations: a value-based analysis. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 37: 43.Google Scholar
112. Dreyer, NA, Garner, S. Registries for robust evidence. JAMA 2009; 302: 790–791.Google Scholar