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Physical exercise may improve sleep quality in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2019

Eva R. Hedlund ,
Li Villard ,
Bo Lundell  and
Gunnar Sjöberg
Eva R. Hedlund*
Affiliation:
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Li Villard
Affiliation:
Department of Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Bo Lundell
Affiliation:
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Gunnar Sjöberg
Affiliation:
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
*
Author for correspondence: Eva R. Hedlund, MD, PhD, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Solna, Barnhjärtcentrum, Eugeniavägen 23, C8:34, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: +46-707421285; Fax: +46-8-51777778; E-mail: eva.rylander-hedlund@sll.se
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Abstract

Objective:

To study physical activity and sleep in Fontan patients and healthy controls before and after an endurance training program, and after 1 year.

Method:

Fontan patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 25) wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days and nights during a school week before and after a 12-week endurance training program and after 1 year.

Results:

Patients had similar sleep duration and sleep efficiency as healthy controls. Latency to sleep onset in minutes was longer for patients than controls (22.4 (4.3–55.3) minutes versus 14.8 (8.6–29.4) minutes, p < 0.01). More time in moderate-to-vigorous activity daytime was correlated with increased sleep time (p < 0.05; r2 = 0.20), improved sleep efficiency (p < 0.01; r2 = 0.24) and less time as wake after sleep onset (p < 0.05; r2 = 0.21) for patients but not controls. Sleep variables did not change after the exercise intervention for patients or controls. After 1 year, patients had decreased total sleep time, decreased sleep efficiency, increased accelerometer counts during sleep and more time as wake after sleep onset during sleep time, but not controls.

Conclusions:

Fontan patients have prolonged latency to sleep onset compared with controls. More time in physical activities was correlated with better sleep quality for the patients. Also, subjects with low sleep efficiency and long latency to sleep onset may benefit most from physical exercise. These patients should be encouraged to engage in individually designed physical exercise as this could improve sleep quality.

Keywords

Endurance trainingFontan palliationphysical activitysleepsleep efficiency
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 29 , Issue 7 , July 2019 , pp. 922 - 929
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

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