Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:14:52.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Children in hoarded homes: A call for protection, prevention, intervention and compassionate care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2020

Suzanne Chabaud Open the ORCID record for Suzanne Chabaud [Opens in a new window]
Suzanne Chabaud*
Affiliation:
OCD Institute of Greater New Orleans, Metairie, LA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Suzanne Chabaud, Email: schabaud@msn.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This is a call for action to protect and assist children of hoarding parents. Action that minimises harm to children living in hoarded homes also promotes family safety and health. Optimal care involves the whole family system, both children and parents. Prevention of harm through early identification and intervention for hoarding can reduce the burden of a disorder that often increases in severity over a lifetime and deprives humans of a full and safe life. Helping children and their parents severely affected by hoarding disorder is for the public good. Public policy and funded programmes can reduce long-term and immense costs to children, families and the many systems hoarding affects. Specifically, public policy can facilitate and fund outreach, education, coordination of providers of health, social and public services, and research-driven methods for assessment and intervention on behalf of children, individuals and families. Releasing people from the grips of hoarding disorder can enable them to devote generative resources to themselves, their families and their communities. Ultimately, prevention of hoarding through early assessment and intervention for minors and young adults is the most efficient, long-term and cost-effective method for minimising harm. When unidentified, hoarding disorder intensifies, people go into hiding, risk increases and opportunity for detection and intervention decreases. Informing the public about hoarding disorder must be followed with sufficient resources to address it, otherwise, helplessness ensues, and people will likely remain in the hidden world it governs.

Keywords

children of parents with hoarding disorderearly intervention for hoardingfamilies in hoarded homes
Type
Practice Commentaries
Information
Children Australia , Volume 45 , Special Issue 3: Special Issue: Hoarding , September 2020 , pp. 186 - 192
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.) (2013). American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
Ayers, C. R., Saxena, S., Golshan, S., & Wetherall, J. L. (2009). Age of onset and clinical features of late life compulsive hoarding. Internal Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, 142–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bratiotis, C. (2013). Community hoarding task forces: A comparative case study of five task forces in the United States. Health & Social Care in the Community, 21(3), 245–253.10.1111/hsc.12010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bratiotis, C., Schmalisch, C., & Steketee, G. (2011). The hoarding handbook: A guide for human service professionals. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bratiotis, C., Woody, S. R., & Lauster, N. (2018). Coordinated community-based hoarding interventions: Evidence of case management practices. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 100, 93–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, C. L., Arnold, P. D., & Soreni, N. (2015). Three reasons why studying hoarding in children and adolescents is important. Journal of Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(2), 128–130.Google ScholarPubMed
Burton, C. L., Crosbie, J., Dupuis, A., Mathews, C., Soreni, N., Schachar, R., & Arnold, P. D. (2016). Clinical correlates of hoarding with and without comorbid obsessive compulsive symptoms in a community pediatric sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(2), 114–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butts, G., Berg, A., Klasey, B., Wilkins, M., Scott, W. et al. (Producers). (2009). Hoarders [Documentary TV Series]. Screaming Flea Productions/Seattle, WA for A & E Television Networks, LLC.Google Scholar
Chabaud, S. (2011). The hidden lives of children of hoarders. Psychiatric Times. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/obsessive-compulsive-disorder/hidden-lives-children- hoarders Google Scholar
Chabaud, S. (2014). Benefits of early identification and intervention for hoarding. In Knerr, P. F. (Ed.) The ICD guide to collaborating with professional organizers: For related professionals (pp. 314–317). Institute for Challenging Disorganization.Google Scholar
Chasson, G. S., Carpenter, A., Ewing, J., Gibby, B., & Lee, N. (2014). Empowering families to help a loved one with hoarding disorder: Pilot study of family-as-motivators training. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 9–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chasson, G. S., Guy, A. A., Bates, S., & Corrigan, P. W. (2018). They aren’t like me, they are bad, and they are to blame: A theoretically-informed study of stigma of hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders, 16, 56–65.10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.12.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chasson, G. S., & Siev, J. (2019). Hoarding disorder, Vol. 40. In Wedding, D., Comer, J. S., Freedland, K. E., Penberthy, J. K., Sobell, L. C. & Wolf, D. A. (Eds.) Advances in psychotherapy evidence-based practice. Hogrefe Publishing Corp.Google Scholar
Chu, C. K. (2018). Psychological ownership in hoarding. In Peck, J. & Shu, S. B. (Eds.), Psychological ownership and consumer behavior (pp. 135–144). Cham: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-77158-8_8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chou, C.-Y., Tsoh, J. Y., Shumway, M., Smith, L. C., Chan, J., Delucchi, K., Tirch, D., Gilber, P., & Mathews, C. A. (2019). Treating hoarding disorder with compassion-focused therapy: A pilot study examining treatment feasibility, acceptability, and exploring treatment effects. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 1–21.10.1111/bjc.12228CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chou, C.-Y., Tsoh, J., Vigil, O. R., Bain, D., Uhm, S. Y., Howell, G., Chan, J., Eckfield, M., Plumadore, J., Chan, E., Komaiko, K., Smith, L., Franklin, J., Vega, E., Delucchi, K., & Mathews, C. A. (2018). Contributions of self-criticism and shame to hoarding. Psychiatry Research, 262, 488–493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cromer, K. R., Schmidt, N. B., & Murphy, D. L. (2007). Do traumatic events influence the clinical expression of compulsive hoarding? Behaviour Research Therapy, 45, 2581–2592.10.1016/j.brat.2007.06.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drury, H., Ajmi, S., de la Cruz, L. F., Nordsletten, A. E., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2014). Caregiver burden, family accommodation, health, and well-being in relatives of individuals with hoarding disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 159, 7–14.10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frost, R. O., & Shuer, L. (2011). Buried in treasures workshop: A facilitator’s manual. Smith College.Google Scholar
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Tolin, D. F. (2011). Comorbidity in hoarding disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 28(10), 876–884.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., Tolin, D. F., & Renaud, S. (2008). Development and validation of the clutter image rating. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 401–417.Google Scholar
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Williams, L. (2000). Hoarding: A community health problem. Health & Social Care in the Community, 8(4), 229–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., Williams, L., & Warren, R. (2000). Mood, personality disorder symptoms and disability in obsessive compulsive hoarders: A comparison with clinical and nonclinical controls. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 38(11), 1071–1081.10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00137-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frost, R. O., Tolin, D., & Maltby, N. (2010). Insight-related challenges in the treatment of hoarding. Cognitive and Behavior Practice, 17(4), 404–413.10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.07.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grisham, J. R., Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., Kim, H. J., & Hood, S. (2006). Age of onset of compulsive hoarding. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 675–686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grisham, J. R., Norberg, M. M., Williams, A. D., Certoma, S. P., & Kadib, R. (2010). Categorization and cognitive deficits in compulsive hoarding. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(9), 866–872.10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, B. J., Tolin, D. F., Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2013). An exploration of comorbid symptoms and clinical correlates of clinically significant hoarding symptoms. Depression and Anxiety, 30(1), 67–76.10.1002/da.22015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hacker, L. E., Park, J. M., Timpano, K. R., Cavitt, M. A., Alvaro, J. L., Lewin, A. B., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2016). Hoarding in children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 20(7), 617–626.10.1177/1087054712455845CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartl, T. L., Duffany, S. R., Allen, G. L., Steketee, G., & Frost, R. O. (2005). Relationships among compulsive hoarding, trauma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(2), 269–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmes, S., Whomsley, S., & Keller, S. (2015) Perspective on hoarding: Good practice guidelines. The British Psychological Society, Division of Clinical Psychology.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iervolino, A. C., Perroud, N., Fullana, M., Guipponi, M., Cherkas, L., Collier, D. A., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2009). Prevalence and heritability of compulsive hoarding: A twin study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(10), 1156–1161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knerr, P. K. (Ed.). (2014). The ICD guide to collaborating with professional organizers: For related professionals. Institute for Challenging Disorganization.Google Scholar
Lynch, F. A., McGillivay, J. A., Moulding, R., & Byrne, L. (2015). Hoarding in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Understanding comorbidity. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 4, 37–46.10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.12.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marlatt, G. A. (1998). Basic principles and strategies of harm reduction. In Marlatt, G. A., (Ed.). Harm reduction: Pragmatic strategies for managing high-risk behaviors (pp. 49–66). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). Guilford Publications.Google Scholar
Morris, S. H., Jaffee, S. R., Goodwin, G. P., & Franklin, M. E. (2016). Hoarding in children and adolescents: A review. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47, 740–750.10.1007/s10578-015-0607-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mueller, A., Mitchell, J. E., Crosby, R. D., Glaesmer, H., & de Zwaan, M. (2009). The prevalence of compulsive hoarding and its association with buying in a German population-based sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 705–709.10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muroff, J., Underwood, P., & Steketee, G. (2014). Group treatment for hoarding disorder: Therapist guide. Oxford University Press Inc.10.1093/med:psych/9780199340965.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neziroglu, F., & Donnelly, K. (2013). Children of hoarders: How to minimize conflict, reduce the clutter, and improve your relationship. New Harbinger Publications, Inc.Google Scholar
Nordsletten, A. E., de la Cruz, L. F., Drury, H., Ajmi, S., Saleem, S., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2014). The family impact scale for hoarding (FISH): Measure development and initial validation. Journal of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3(1), 29–34.10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.10.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, J. M., Lewin, A. B., & Storch, E. A. (2014). Adult offspring perspectives on parental hoarding behaviors. Psychiatry Research, 220(1–2), 328–334 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.061CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plimpton, E. H., Frost, R. O., Abbey, B. C., & Dorer, W. (2009). Compulsive hoarding in children: 6 case studies. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2, 88–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Postlethwaite, A., Kellett, S., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2019). Prevalence of hoarding disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 256(1), 309–316.10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rozenman, M., McGuire, J., Wu, M., Ricketts, E., Peris, T., O’Neill, J., Bergman, R. L., Chang, S., & Piacentini, J. (2019). Hoarding symptoms in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical features and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(8) 799–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samuels, J. F., Bienvenu, O. J., Grados, M. A., Cullen, B., Riddle, M. A., Liang, K. Y., Eaton, W. W., & Nestadt, G. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in a community-based sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(7), 836–844.10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saxena, S., Ayers, C. R., Maidment, K. M., Vapnik, T., Wetherell, J. L., & Bystritsky, A. (2011). Quality of life and functional impairment in compulsive hoarding. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(4), 475–480.10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.08.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soreni, N., Cameron, D., Vorstenbosch, V., Duku, E., Rowa, K., Swinson, R., Bullard, C., & McCabe, R. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of a revised scoring approach for the Children’s Saving Inventory in a Canadian sample of youth with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Child Psychiatry & Human Development. 49(10).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southend, Essex & Thurrock (SET) Safeguarding Board (2016). Hoarding guidance, Version 1.Google Scholar
Steketee, G., & Frost, R. O. (2007). Compulsive hoarding and acquiring: Therapist guide. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Storch, E. A., Lack, C. W., Merlo, L. J., Geffken, G. R., Marni, L. J., Jacob, M. L., Murphy, T. K., & Goodman, W. K. (2007). Clinical features of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder and hoarding symptoms. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 313–318.10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.03.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storch, E. A., Muroff, J., Lewin, A. B., Geller, D., Ross, A., McCarthy, K., Morgan, J., Murphy, T. K., Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2011). Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Children’s Saving Inventory. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 42, 166–182.10.1007/s10578-010-0207-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storch, E. A., Rahman, O., Park, J. M., Reid, J., Murphy, T. K., & Lewin, A. B. (2011). Compulsive Hoarding in children. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(5), 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tolin, D. F., Fitch, K. E., Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2010). Family informants’ perceptions of insight in compulsive hoarding. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 69–81.10.1007/s10608-008-9217-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tolin, D. F., Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2014). Buried in treasures: Help for compulsive acquiring, saving, and hoarding (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tolin, D. F., Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Fitch, K. E. (2008). Family burden of compulsive hoarding: Results of an internet survey. Behavior Research Therapy, 46, 334–344.10.1016/j.brat.2007.12.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tolin, D. F, Meunier, S. A., Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2010). Course of compulsive hoarding and its relationship to life events. Depression and Anxiety, 27(9), 829–838.10.1002/da.20684CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tolin, D. F., Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., Gray, K. D., & Fitch, K. E. (2008). The economic and the social burden of compulsive hoarding. Psychiatry Research, 160, 200–211.10.1016/j.psychres.2007.08.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tompkins, M. A. (2015). Clinician’s guide to severe hoarding: A harm reduction approach. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tompkins, M. A. (2011). Working with families of people who hoard: A harm reduction approach. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(5), 497–506.10.1002/jclp.20797CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tompkins, M. A., & Hartl, T. L., (2009). Digging out: Helping your loved one manage clutter, hoarding & compulsive acquiring. New Harbinger Publications.Google Scholar
Thompson, C., de la Cruz, L. F., Mataix-Cols, D., & Onwumere, J. (2016). Development of a brief psychoeducational group intervention for carers of people with hoarding disorder: A proof-of-concept study. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 9, 66–72.10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.03.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaboski, B. A. II, Merritt, O. A., Schrack, A. P., Gayle, C., Gonzalez, M., Guerrero, L. A., Dueñas, J. A., Guerrero, L. A., Soreni, N., & Mathews, C. A. (2019). Hoarding: A meta-analysis of age of onset. Depression and Anxiety, 36(6), 552–564.10.1002/da.22896CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed