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3. See Lillburne, Geoffrey R., A Sense of Place: A Christian Theology of the Land (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon, 1989)Google Scholar. Lillburne makes a call for “local” Christian theology, that is, tied to particular places of work and worship, 86.

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7. The Brethren in Christ denomination began in a pietist revival in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania. Founding members included people of Mennonite background, and in the twentieth century Brethren in Christ have affiliated themselves with inter-Mennonite organizations such as Mennonite World Conference. See Wittlinger, Carlton O., Quest for Piety and Obedience: The Story of the Brethren in Christ (Nappanee, Ind.: Evangel, 1978).Google Scholar

8. The Mennonite was the official periodical for the General Conference Mennonite Church, a binational (U.S. and Canada) denomination until 1998, when it became the periodical of the newly formed Mennonite Church USA.

9. Throughout this paper, the terms “North” and “northern” will be used of Mennonites from Europe and North America, particularly representing a strong economic situation. “South/global South/southern” will be used to describes those places, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, characterized in many locations by economic scarcity.

10. Turner, Victor and Turner, Edith, Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture: Anthropological Perspectives (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978), xvGoogle Scholar. The Turners recognize the complexity of doing this anthropological study from within their Catholic identity and suggest their cross-cultural work in African cultures, rather than any engagement with Protestant impulses, as providing necessary “objectivity.” For the Turners' dependence on Mircea Eliade, see Fade, John and Sallnow, Michael J., “Introduction,” in Contesting the Sacred: The Anthropology of Christian Pilgrimage, ed. Eade, and Sallnow, (London: Routledge, 1991), 6Google Scholar; Sheldrake, Philip, Spaces for the Sacred: Place, Memory, and Identity (Baltimorel, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), 5.Google Scholar

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16. Ibid., 24–35.

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28. Brown, Peter, “Arbiters of the Holy: The Christian Holy Man in Late Antiquity,” in Authority and the Sacred: Aspects of the Christianization of the Roman World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 58–59, 60–62, 64–65, 69.Google Scholar

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46. Krahn, 1948 souvenir, MSHL.

47. 1952 provisional program Basel/Zurich MWC assembly, MSHL.

48. 1952 report of Basel/Zurich MWC assembly, MSHL.

49. 1952 provisional program, MSHL.

50. 1957 invitation to sixth MWC assembly, Karisrube, Germany, MSHL.

51. It is interesting that neither in materials for the 1936 gathering nor for those in 1967 was mention made of sixteenth-century Anabaptist sites in Amsterdam itself, although the Martyrs Mirror offers more than one description of public martyrdom of Anabaptists in that city. See van Braght, Thieleman J., ed., The Bloody Theater or Martyrs Mirror, 5th ed. (Scottdale, Pa.: Herald, 1950)Google Scholar. Amsterdam martyr accounts include Dirk Pieters Smuel and Jacob den Geldersman, 475–76; six brothers and two sisters, 483; Reyer Dircks, 502; Felistis Jans, 539.

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53. 1978 MWC program book, MSHL.

54. 1984 MWC registration materials, MSHL.

55. 1984 MWC program and information booklet, MSHL.

56. 1990 MWC program book, MSHL.

57. 1990 information handbook and tour guide, MSHL.

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123. For literature on Mennonite history in Paraguay, see the following: Krause, Annemarie E., Mennonite Settlement in the Paraguayan Chaco (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1952)Google Scholar; Fretz, J. Winfield, Immigrant Group Settlements in Paraguay: A Study in the Sociology of Colonization (North Newton, Kans.: Bethel College, 1962)Google Scholar; Kroeker, Peter J., Lenguas and Mennonites: A Study of Cultural Change in the Paraguayan Chaco (master's thesis, Wichita State University, 1970)Google Scholar; Redekop, Calvin W., Strangers Become Neighbors: Mennonite and Indigenous Relations in the Paraguayan Chaco (Scottdale, Pa: Herald, 1980)Google Scholar; Stoesz, Edgar, Garden in the Wilderness: Mennonite Communities in the Paraguayan Chaco, 1927–1997 (Winnipeg, Man.: CMBC, 1999)Google Scholar; Epp, Marlene, Women Without Men: Mennonite Refugees of the Second World War (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000)Google Scholar; Roth, John D., “Called to One Peace: Christian Faith and Political Witness in a Divided Culture,” Mennonite Life 60 (07 2005)Google Scholar: http://www.bethelks.edu/mennonitelife/200Sjune. Accessed May 17, 2006. The last article includes a section describing the relationship of Mennonites in Paraguay to Paraguayan President Nicanor Duarte Frutos, elected in 2003.