Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T16:09:06.331Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Expert System for Structural Characterization of Phyllosilicates: I. Description of the Expert System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

A. Plançon  and
V. A. Drits
A. Plançon
Affiliation:
Physics Department, Orléans University, 45100 Orléans-la-Source, France
V. A. Drits
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences, 109017 Moscow, Russia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An expert system has been designed for the structural characterization of disordered phyllosilicates as well as the mixed-layer minerals and the minerals containing stacking faults or isomorphic substitutions. X-ray diffraction being the simplest tool for structural characterization, the expert system uses such data but can account for data provided by any characterization technique (infrared spectroscopy, EXAFS, etc.). The expert system aims to summarize in a unique set the different approaches of the structural characterization using diagrams or tables which have been proposed, avoiding the requirement of the knowledge of their application field and excluding calculations. It runs in an interactive way, to mimic the way a human expert would draw its conclusions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , March 1994 , pp. 33 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brindley, G.W. & Merino, J. (1951) diffraction des rayons X par les structures en couches desordonnées. Acta Cryst. 4, 441–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. & Brindley, G.W. (1980) X-ray diffraction procedures for clay mineral identification. Pp. 305–359 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification (G.W. Brindley & G. Brown, editors). Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Brusewitz, A.M. (1986) Chemical and physical properties of Paleozoic potassium bentonites from Kinnekulle, Sweden. Clays Clay Miner. 34, 442–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A. (1987) Mixed-layer minerals: diffraction methods and structural features. Proc. Int. Clay, Conf, Denver.. 1, 33–15.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. & Sakharov, B.A. (1973) Mixed-layer kaoli- nite-montmorillonite. Clays Clay Miner. 21, 15–17.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. & Sakharov, B.A. (1976) X-ray Structural Analysis of Mixed-layer Minerals. Nauka, Moscow, 256 p. (in Russian).Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. & Tchoubar, C. (1990) X-ray diffraction by Disordered Lamellar Structures. Springer Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Dyakonov, Y. (1981) New data about the varieties and identification of hydrobiotite. Pp. 39–46 in: Crystallo- chemistry of Minerals. Nauka, Leningrad (in Russian).Google Scholar
Eberl, D.D., Środoń J. & Northrop, H.R. (1986) Potassium fixation in smectite by wetting and drying. ACS Symposium Serie. 323, 296–326.Google Scholar
Fjellheim, R.A. (1985) EXIS an expert system for XRD interpretation. Proc. First Int. Expert Systems Conf, London, 181–192.Google Scholar
Heller-Kallai, L. & Kalman, Z.H. (1972) Some naturally occurring illite-smectite interstratifications. Clays Clay Miner. 20, 165–168.Google Scholar
Hendricks, S.B. & Teller, E. (1942) X-ray interference in partially ordered layer lattices. J. Chem. Phys.. 18, 147–167.Google Scholar
Inoue, A. & Utada, M. (1983) Further investigations of a conversion series of dioctahedral mica/smectite in the Shinzan hydrothermal alteration area, North East Japan. Clays Clay Miner. 31, 400–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakinoki, J. & Komura, Y. (1952) Intensity of X-ray diffraction by one dimensionally disordered crystals. J. Phys. Soc. Japan.. 7, 30–35.Google Scholar
Kakinoki, J. & Komura, Y. (1956) diffraction by one dimensionally disordered crystals. I The intensity equation. Acta Cryst.. 19, 137–140.Google Scholar
McCarty, D.K. & Thompson, G.R. (1991) Burial diagenesis in two Montana Tertiary basins. Clays Clay Miner. 39, 293–305.Google Scholar
Merino, J. (1949) L'interference des rayons X dans les systèmes à stratification desordonnee. Acta Cryst. 9, 279–285.Google Scholar
Mering, J. (1950) Des réflections des rayons X par les mineraux argileux interstratifiés. Trans. 4th Int. Congr. Soil Sc;., Amsterda.. 1, 21–26.Google Scholar
Moore, D.M. & Reynolds, R.C. Jr. (1989) X-ray diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York.Google Scholar
Omelyanenko, B.I., Volovikova, I.M. & Drits, V.A. (1982) On the notion of sericite. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Geolog. 5, 69–87.(in Russian).Google Scholar
Planģon, A. (1981) diffraction by layer structures containing different kinds of layers and stacking faults. J. Appl. Cryst.. 14, 300–304.Google Scholar
Planjon, A. & Tchoubar, C. (1977a) Determination of structural defects in phyllosilicates by X-ray diffraction. I Principle of calculation of the diffraction phenomenon. Clays Clay Miner.. 25, 430–435.Google Scholar
Planģon, A. & Tchoubar, C. (1977b) Determination of structural defects in phyllosilicates by X-ray diffraction. I Nature and proportion of defects in natural kaolinites. Clays Clay Miner.. 25, 430–435.Google Scholar
Planjon, A. & Zacharie, C. (1990) An expert system for the structural characterization of kaolinites. Clay Miner. 22, 249–260.Google Scholar
Planģon, A., Giese, R.F., Snyder, R., Drits, V.A. & Bookin, A.S. (1989) Stacking in the kaolin-group minerals: defect structure of kaolinites. Clays Clay Miner. 37, 203–210.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. Jr. (1967) Interstratified clay systems: Calculation of the total one-dimensional diffraction function. Am. Miner.. 52, 661–672.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. Jr. (1980) Interstratified clay minerals, Pp. 229–303 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their Identification. (G.W. Brindley & G. Brown, editors). Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. Jr. (1988) Mixed-layer chlorite minerals. Pp. 601–629 in: Hydrous Phyllosilicates (Exclusive of Micas). (S.W. Bailey, editor). Mineral Society of America, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. Jr. & Hower, J. (1970) The nature of interlayering in mixed-layer illite-montmorillonites. Clays Clay Miner. 18, 25–36.Google Scholar
Sakharov, B.A., Naumov, A.S. & Drits, V.A. (1982) X-ray diffraction by mixed-layer structures with random distribution of stacking faults. Doki. Akad. Nauk SSS.. 265, 334–343.(in Russian).Google Scholar
Sokolova, T.N., Sakharov, B.A. & Drits, V.A. (1978) Mixed-layer leucophyllite-montmorillonite minerals. Litologiya i Poleznyie Iskopaemyi. 6, 87–101.(in Russian).Google Scholar
Środoń, J. (1980) Precise identification of illite-smectite interstratification by X-ray powder diffraction. Clays Clay Miner. 28, 401—411.Google Scholar
Środoń, J. (1981) X-ray identification of randomly inter- stratified illite-smectite in mixtures with discrete illite. Clay Miner. 16, 297–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środoń, J. (1984) X-ray powder diffraction identification of illitic materials. Clays Clay Miner. 32, 337–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środoń, J. & Eberl, D.D. (1984) Illite. Pp. 495–544 in: Micas. (S.W. Bailey editor). Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Thompson, G.R. & Hower, J. (1975) The mineralogy of glauconite. Clays Clay Miner. 23, 289–300.Google Scholar
Watanabe, T. (1981) Identification of illite-montmorillonite interstratification by X-ray powder diffraction. J. Mineral. Soc. Japan, Spec. Issu.. 15, 32–41.Google Scholar