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Polysaccharide-halloysite nanotube composites for biomedical applications: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Mingxian Liu ,
Rui He ,
Jing Yang ,
Zheru Long ,
Biao Huang ,
Yongwang Liu  and
Changren Zhou
Mingxian Liu*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Rui He
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Jing Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Zheru Long
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Biao Huang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Yongwang Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Changren Zhou*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
*
*E-mail: liumx@jnu.edu.cn (M.L.) and tcrz9@jnu.edu.cn (C.Z.)
*E-mail: liumx@jnu.edu.cn (M.L.) and tcrz9@jnu.edu.cn (C.Z.)
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Abstract

As a unique tubular nanoclay, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have recently attracted significant research attention. The HNTs have outer diameters of ∼50 nm, inner lumens of ∼20 nm and are 200–1000 nm long. They are biocompatible nanomaterials and widely available in nature, which makes them good candidates for application in biomedicine. Compared with other types of nanoparticles such as polymer nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, the drawbacks associated with HNTs include brittleness, difficulty with fabrication, low fracture strength, high density and inadequate biocompatibility. Preparation of polysaccharide-HNT composites offer a means to overcome these shortcomings. Halloysite nanotubes can be incorporated easily into polysaccharides via solution mixing, such as with chitosan (CS), sodium alginate, cellulose, pectin and amylose, for forming composite films, porous scaffolds or hydrogels. The interfacial interactions, such as electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, between HNTs and the polysaccharides are critical for improvement of the properties. Morphology results show that HNTs are dispersed uniformly in the composites. The mechanical strength and Young's modulus of the composites in both the dry and wet states are enhanced by HNTs and the HNTs can also increase the storage modulus, glass-transition temperature and thermal stability of the composites. Cytocompatibility results demonstrate that the polysaccharide-HNT composites have low cytotoxicity even for HNT loading >80%. Therefore, the polysaccharide-HNT composites show great potential for biomedical applications, e.g. as tissue engineering scaffold materials, wound-dressing materials, drug-delivery carriers, and cell-isolation surfaces.

Keywords

halloysitechitosanalginateinterfacial interactionscytocompatibilitymechanical properties
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 51 , Issue 3 , June 2016 , pp. 457 - 467
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2016

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