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FTIR and XRD Investigations of Tetracycline Intercalation in Smectites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Zhaohui Li*
Affiliation:
Geosciences Department, University of Wisconsin — Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USA Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Vera M. Kolb
Affiliation:
Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin — Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USA
Wei-Teh Jiang
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
Hanlie Hong
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: li@uwp.edu
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Abstract

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Due to swelling, smectite minerals are capable of intercalating many organic molecules in their interlayer space. Tetracycline (TC) is a group of antibiotics used extensively in human and veterinary medicine. The great aqueous solubility and long environmental half life of TC mean that the study of interactions between swelling clay minerals and TC are of great importance in TC transport and retention in subsurface soils. In the present study, the intercalation of TC molecules at different levels into smectites was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shift of the FTIR bands of amide I and II in comparison to crystalline TC suggested a strong interaction between the amide groups and the clay surfaces. The band at 1455 cm−1 remained the same after TC intercalation into SAz-1, SWy-2, and SYn-1, suggesting that complexation was not a dominant mechanism of TC uptake by these minerals. With cation exchange as the major mechanism of TC intercalation into these minerals, simultaneous removal of H+ from solution protonated the TC molecules and provided a positive charge to interact with negatively charged mineral surfaces even in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions. The increase in interlayer distance after intercalation by TC, as revealed by XRD, suggested a tilted orientation of the intercalated TC molecules in both twisted conformation in acidic condition and extended conformation in alkaline condition.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2010

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