Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T17:35:58.422Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility study of kaolinite matrix subjected to biaxial tests

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Aniruddha Sengupta
Aniruddha Sengupta*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: sengupta@civil.iitkgp.ernet.in
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The potential for structural failure of consolidated clay materials, which is of great importance in many applications, typically are assessed by measuring the localized strain bands that develop under anisotropic load stress. Most methods are precluded from providing a full understanding of the strain anisotropy because they only give two-dimensional information about the stressed clay blocks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate three-dimensional strain localization in a kaolinite matrix, caused by strain anisotropy due to a biaxial plane-strain test, using a relatively new method known as Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). This method involves induction of magnetism in an oriented sample in different directions and measurement of the induced magnetization in each direction. The AMS analyses were performed on core samples from different parts of the deformed kaolinite matrix. The degree of magnetic anisotropy (P′), which is a measure of the intensity of magnetic fabric and a gauge of strain intensity, was shown to be greater in cores containing shear bands than in those containing none. A threshold value for P′ for the deformed kaolinite matrix was identified, above which shear bands may develop. The comparison of the shape parameter (T), obtained from undeformed and deformed samples, illustrated a superimposition of prolate strain over the original oblate fabric of the kaolinite matrix. The orientation of the principal strain axis revealed that reorientation or rotation of the principal axis occurred along the shear bands.

Keywords

Anisotropy of Magnetic SusceptibilityBiaxial TestKaoliniteStrain Localization
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 57 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 251 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2009

References

AGICO, 2003 KLY-4/KLY-4S/CS-3/CS-L: User’s Guide, Modular system for measuring magnetic susceptibility, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, and temperature variation of magnetic susceptibility Brno, Czech Republic Version 1.1, Advanced Geoscience Instrument Co..Google Scholar
Arthur, J.R.F. Dunstan, T. Al-Ani, Q.A.J.L. and Assadi, A., 1977 Plastic deformation and failure in granular media Geotechnique 27 53–74 10.1680/geot.1977.27.1.53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balasubramanium, A.S., 1976 Local strains and displacement patterns in triaxial specimens of saturated clay Soils and Foundations 16 101–114 10.3208/sandf1972.16.101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borradaile, G.J. and Alford, C., 1987 Relationship between magnetic susceptibility and strain in laboratory experiments Tectonophysics 133 121–135 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90285-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borradaile, G.J. and Tarling, D.H., 1981 The influence of deformation mechanisms on magnetic fabrics in weakly deformed rocks Tectonophysics 77 151–168 10.1016/0040-1951(81)90165-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borradaile, G.J. and Tarling, D.H., 1984 Strain partitioning and magnetic fabrics in particulate flow Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 21 694–697 10.1139/e84-075.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, J. Lo, S-CR and Lee, I.K., 1996 Strain softening and shear band formation of sand in multi-axial testing Geotechnique 46 63–82 10.1680/geot.1996.46.1.63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehandschutter, B. Vandycke, S. Sintubin, M. Vandenberghe, N. Gaviglio, P. Sizun, J.-P. and Wouters, L., 2004 Microfabric of fractured Boom Clay at depth: a case study of brittle-ductile transitional clay behavior Applied Clay Science 26 389–401 10.1016/j.clay.2003.12.013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehandschutter, B. Vandycke, S. Sintubin, M. Vandenberghe, N. and Wouters, L., 2005 Brittle fractures and ductile shear bands in argillaceous sediments: inferences from Oligocene Boom Clay (Belgium) Journal of Structural Geology 27 1095–1112 10.1016/j.jsg.2004.08.014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desrues, J. Chambon, R. Mokni, M. and Mazerolle, F., 1996 Void ratio evaluation inside shear bands in triaxial sand specimen studied by computed tomography Geotechnique 46 529–546 10.1680/geot.1996.46.3.529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dudoignon, P. Gelard, D. and Sammartino, S., 2004 Cam-clay and hydraulic conductivity diagram relations in consolidated and sheared clay-matrices Clay Minerals 39 267–279 10.1180/0009855043930134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duszek-Perzyna, M.K. and Perzyna, P., 1996 Adiabatic shear band localization of inelastic single crystals in symmetric double-slip process Archive of Applied Mechanics 66 369–384 10.1007/s004190050076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finno, R.J. and Rhee, Y., 1993 Consolidation, pre- and post-peak shearing responses from internally instrumented biaxial compression device Geotechnical Testing Journal 16 496–509 10.1520/GTJ10289J.Google Scholar
Finno, R.J. Harris, W.W. Mooney, M.A. and Viggiani, G., 1997 Shear bands in plane strain compression of loose sand Geotechnique 47 149–165 10.1680/geot.1997.47.1.149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicher, P.Y. Wahyudi, H. and Tessier, D., 1994 Microstructural analysis of strain localization in clay Computers and Geotechnics 16 205–222 10.1016/0266-352X(94)90002-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hrouda, F., 1991 Models of magnetic anisotropy variations in sedimentary thrust sheets Tectonophysics 185 203–210 10.1016/0040-1951(91)90444-W.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hrouda, F., 1993 Theoretical models of magnetic anisotropy to strain relationship revisited Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 77 237–249 10.1016/0031-9201(93)90101-E.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hrouda, F. and Janak, F., 1976 The changes in shape of the magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid during progressive metamorphism and deformation Tectonophysics 34 135–148 10.1016/0040-1951(76)90181-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hrouda, F. Ježek, J., Tarling, D.H. and Turner, P., 1999 Magnetic anisotropy indications of deformations associated with diagenesis Palaeomagnetism and Diagenesis in Sediments London Geological Society 127–137.Google Scholar
Kapicka, A. Hrouda, F. Petrovsk, E. and Polácek, J., 2006 Effect of plastic deformation in laboratory conditions on magnetic anisotropy of sedimentary rocks High Pressure Research 26 549–553 10.1080/08957950601092390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, L. Saada, A. Figueroa, J.L. and Cope, C.T., 1997 The use of digital image processing in monitoring shear band development Geotechnical Testing Journal 20 324–339 10.1520/GTJ19970008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukherji, A. Chaudhuri, A.K. and Mamtani, M.A., 2004 Regional scale strain variations in the banded iron formations of Eastern India: results from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility studies Journal of Structural Geology 26 2175–2189 10.1016/j.jsg.2004.05.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nemat-Nasser, S. and Okada, N., 2001 Radiographic and microscopic observation of shear bands in granular materials Geotechnique 51 753–765 10.1680/geot.2001.51.9.753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prashant, A. and Penumadu, D., 2005 A laboratory study of normally consolidated kaolin clay Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42 27–37 10.1139/t04-076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rathore, J.S., 1979 Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy in the Cambrian slate belt of North Wales and correlation with strain Tectonophysics 53 83–97 10.1016/0040-1951(79)90355-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Read, H.E. and Hegemier, G.A., 1984 Strain softening of rock, soil and concrete — a review article Mechanics of Materials 3 271–294 10.1016/0167-6636(84)90028-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saada, A.S. Bianchini, G.F. and Liang, L., 1994 Cracks, bifurcation and shear bands propagation in saturated clays Geotechnique 44 35–64 10.1680/geot.1994.44.1.35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachan, A. and Penumadu, D., 2007 Effect of microfabric on shear behavior of kaolin clay Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 133 306–318 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:3(306).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scarpelli, G. and Wood, D.M., 1982 Experimental observations of shear band patterns in direct shear tests Proceedings of the IUTAM Conference on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials Rotterdam, The Netherlands Delft 473–484.Google Scholar
Sen, K. Majumder, S. and Mamtani, M.A., 2005 Degree of magnetic anisotropy as a strain intensity gauge in ferromagnetic granites Journal of the Geological Society of London 162 583–586 10.1144/0016-764904-144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sengupta, S. and Sengupta, A., 2004 Investigation into shear band formation in clay Indian Geotechnical Journal 34 141–163.Google Scholar
Tarling, D.H. and Hrouda, F., 1993 The Magnetic Anisotropy of Rocks London Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Tchalenko, J.S., 1968 The evolution of Kin-bands and the development of compression textures in sheared clays Tectonophysics 6 159–174 10.1016/0040-1951(68)90017-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topolnicki, M. Gudehus, G. and Mazurkiewicz, B.K., 1990 Observed stress-strain behavior of remolded saturated clay under plane strain conditions Geotechnique 40 155–187 10.1680/geot.1990.40.2.155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vardoulakis, I., 1980 Shear band inclination and shear modulus of sand in biaxial tests International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 4 103–119 10.1002/nag.1610040202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vardoulakis, I., Graf, B., and Hettler, A. (1985) Shear band formation in a fine grained sand. Pp. 517–521 in: Proceedings of the 5thInternational Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 1, Nagoya, Japan.Google Scholar
Viggiani, G. Finno, R.J. Harris, W.W., Chambon, R. Desrues, J. and Vardoulakis, I., 1994 Experimental observations of strain localization in plane strain compression of a stiff clay Localization and Bifurcation Theory for Soils and Rocks Rotterdam Balkema 189–198.Google Scholar
Zuev, L.B. Semukhin, B.S. and Zarikovskaya, W.V., 2003 Deformation localization and ultrasonic wave propagation rate in tensile Al as a function of grain size International Journal of Soils & Structures 40 941–950 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00612-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar