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From Coupling Second-Order Stresses to Understanding and Predicting the Structural Response of a Dioctahedral Smectite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2024

Chadha Mejri Open the ORCID record for Chadha Mejri [Opens in a new window] ,
Walid Oueslati Open the ORCID record for Walid Oueslati [Opens in a new window]  and
Abdesslem Ben Haj Amara
Chadha Mejri*
Affiliation:
Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR19ES20, Ressources, Matériaux et Ecosystèmes (RME), Université de Carthage, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisie
Walid Oueslati
Affiliation:
Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR19ES20, Ressources, Matériaux et Ecosystèmes (RME), Université de Carthage, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisie
Abdesslem Ben Haj Amara
Affiliation:
Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR19ES20, Ressources, Matériaux et Ecosystèmes (RME), Université de Carthage, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisie
*
e-mail: chadha.mejri@fsb.ucar.tn
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Abstract

The employment of clay minerals in the transport of water, nutrients, and contaminants depends on a few factors, including permeability, hydration behavior, ion-exchange efficiency, and more. With the application of external stress, it is still difficult to understand how clay particles swell and collapse, how water is retained, how hydration heterogeneities are formed within crystallites, and how interlamellar space is organized. The present work studied the link between geochemical, thermal, kinetic constraints (established at the laboratory scale), and intrinsic clay features by exchanging Na-rich montmorillonite (SWy2) with Ni2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+ cations. By comparing the experimental 00l reflections with the calculated reflections obtained from the structural models, quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has enabled the building of a theoretical profile describing the layer stacking mode (LSM) and allowed the description of interlayer space (IS) configuration along the c* axis. Regardless of the type of the exchangeable cations (EC), XRD modeling revealed that all samples exhibited interstratified hydration behavior within the crystallite size, which probably indicates partial or incomplete saturation of the IS. This theoretical result was defined by the appearance of two hydration states (1W and 2W), which were unrelated to the strain strength creating a higher degree of structural heterogeneity. Using the theoretical decomposition of the observed XRD patterns, the identification of all distinct layer populations and their stacking mode was achieved. The segregated LSM are, therefore, obviously superior as a function of stress strength.

Keywords

Coupling Second-order StressesGeochemical, Thermal, and Kinetic ConstraintsMontmorilloniteQuantitative XRD analysis
Type
Original Paper
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 71 , Issue 5 , October 2023 , pp. 513 - 538
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Clay Minerals Society 2023

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Andrey G. Kalinichev

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