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Hydraulic Conductivity and Cation Exchange in Non-prehydrated And Prehydrated Bentonite Permeated with Weak Inorganic Salt Solutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Ho Young Jo ,
Craig H. Benson  and
Tuncer B. Edil
Ho Young Jo
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
Craig H. Benson*
Affiliation:
Geological Engineering Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Tuncer B. Edil
Affiliation:
Geological Engineering Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: benson@engr.wisc.edu
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Abstract

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Sets of replicate hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted using 100 mM KCl and 20 and 40 mM CaCl2 solutions to evaluate how changes in hydraulic conductivity are related to changes in the exchange complex and physical properties (water content and free swell) of prehydrated and non-prehydrated bentonite used for geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). Essentially no change in hydraulic conductivity and water content (or void ratio) occurred during tests with the 100 mM KCl solution even though K+ was replacing Na+ on the exchange complex. In contrast, for the CaCl2 solutions (20 mM and 40 mM), the hydraulic conductivity increased and the free swell and water content decreased as exchange of Ca2+ for Na+ occurred. Faster changes in hydraulic conductivity and the exchange complex occurred in the tests with the 40 mM CaCl2 solution and the non-prehydrated bentonite (i.e. the hydraulic conductivity changed more rapidly when exchange occurred more rapidly). Even though exchange of Ca2+ for Na+ was essentially complete at the end of testing, the hydraulic conductivity obtained with the 20 mM CaCl2 solution was less and the water content greater than obtained with the 40 mM CaCl2 solution (2.6 × 10−8 cm/s vs. 6.7 × 10−8 cm/s, 122% vs. 111%, and 3.2 vs. 2.9). Similarly, the prehydrated bentonite had lower hydraulic conductivity (1.9 × 10−8 cm/s vs. 6.7 × 10−8 cm/s) and greater water content (167% vs. 111%) than the non-prehydrated bentonite at the end of testing, even though Ca-for-Na exchange was essentially complete.

Keywords

BentoniteCation ConcentrationCation ValenceExchange ComplexFree SwellGeosynthetic Clay LinerImmobile WaterInterlayerLeachateMontmorillonitePrehydrationWaste Containment
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 52 , Issue 6 , December 2004 , pp. 661 - 679
Copyright
Copyright © 2004, The Clay Minerals Society

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