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Rare Earth and Critical Element Chemistry of the Volcanic Ash-fall Parting in the Fire Clay Coal, Eastern Kentucky, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Jingjing Liu ,
Shifeng Dai ,
Debora Berti ,
Cortland F. Eble ,
Mengjun Dong ,
Yan Gao  and
James C. Hower Open the ORCID record for James C. Hower [Opens in a new window]
Jingjing Liu*
Affiliation:
School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Shifeng Dai*
Affiliation:
College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Debora Berti*
Affiliation:
Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3146, USA
Cortland F. Eble*
Affiliation:
Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
Mengjun Dong*
Affiliation:
College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Yan Gao*
Affiliation:
College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
James C. Hower*
Affiliation:
Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
*
e-mail: liujingjing_cumtb@outlook.com
e-mail: daishifeng@gmail.com
e-mail: deborasm74@runbox.com
e-mail: eble@uky.edu
e-mail: dongmengjundmj@qq.com
e-mail: gaoyan6gaoyan@126.com
e-mail: james.hower@uky.edu
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Abstract

In the search for rare earth and other critical elements in coal measures, the coals are emphasized with lesser consideration for the accompanying rocks. In this investigation, the focus is on a lanthanide-rich, 315–317 Ma (after Machlus et al., Chemical Geology, 539, art. no. 119485, 2020) volcanic ash-fall trachyandesite to trachyte tonstein which occurs in association with the Middle Pennsylvanian Duckmantian-age Fire Clay coal in eastern Kentucky. The tonstein was deposited largely during peat accumulation, although it is known to occur at the base of the coal or within the underclay. The mineralogy is dominated by kaolinite with illite and quartz as minor to major minerals. A number of accessory minerals, as detected by X-ray diffraction + Siroquant XRD software and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM), include REE-bearing phosphates (apatite, crandallite, florencite, monazite), and Y-bearing zircon. The highest rare earth element + Y concentrations occur in the weathered tonsteins, probably due to the concentration of these minerals after weathering of kaolinite from the rock.

Keywords

Critical elementsLanthanidesSustainabilityTuffaceous deposits
Type
Original Paper
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 71 , Issue 3: Special Issue on Rare Earth Elements , June 2023 , pp. 309 - 339
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Clay Minerals Society 2023

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