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Transmission X-ray Diffraction of Undisturbed Soil Microfabrics Obtained by Microdrilling in Thin Sections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

L. Denaix ,
F. van Oort ,
M. Pernes  and
A. G. Jongmans
L. Denaix
Affiliation:
Unité d'Agronomie INRA, Domaine de la Grande Ferrade, BP 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
F. van Oort
Affiliation:
Unité de Science du Sol, INRA, Route de St.-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
M. Pernes
Affiliation:
Unité de Science du Sol, INRA, Route de St.-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
A. G. Jongmans
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science and Geology, Agricultural University, P.O. Box 37, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

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Clay mineralogical studies by X-ray diffraction performed on extracted <2-µm fractions do not always represent all clay mineral constituents present in the soil. In this work, transmission X-ray diffraction (TXRD) was applied to undisturbed microsamples of optically homogeneous mineral soil fabrics and features. These microsamples were isolated by microdrilling their periphery in soil thin sections, then removing them, and transferring them to glass capillaries for TXRD analysis. The usefulness of this technique for supplying in situ mineralogical information on identification, structure, and natural orientation of soil constituents was tested on mineral microfabrics and features of primary and secondary phyllosilicates. The study demonstrated that TXRD allowed detailed, representative interpretations of undisturbed mineral features and fabrics. In particular, this technique allowed us (1) to compare mineralogical compositions at selected microlocalities, (2) to study natural preferred orientations, and (3) to detect small amounts of minor mineral interstratification phases. In addition, complementary information on crystallography and crystal chemistry may be obtained by performing analytical transmission electron microscopy on the same microsample.

Keywords

Clay FabricsClay MineralsMicrodrillingMicromorphologyTransmission X-ray DiffractionUndisturbed Microsamples
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , October 1999 , pp. 637 - 646
Copyright
Copyright © 1999, The Clay Minerals Society

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