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XAS Study of Fe Mineralogy in a Chronosequence of Soil Clays Formed in Basaltic Cinders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Leslie L. Baker ,
Daniel G. Strawn ,
Karen L. Vaughan  and
Paul A. McDaniel
Leslie L. Baker*
Affiliation:
Soil and Land Resources Division, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
Daniel G. Strawn
Affiliation:
Soil and Land Resources Division, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
Karen L. Vaughan*
Affiliation:
Soil and Land Resources Division, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
Paul A. McDaniel
Affiliation:
Soil and Land Resources Division, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: lbaker@uidaho.edu
†Current address: USDA-NRCS, Utah Snow Survey Office, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA
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Abstract

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The characterization of poorly crystalline minerals formed by weathering is difficult using conventional techniques. The objective of this study was to use cutting-edge spectroscopic techniques to characterize secondary Fe mineralogy in young soils formed in basaltic cinders in a cool, arid environment. The mineralogy of a chronosequence of soils formed on 2, 6, and 15 thousand year old basaltic cinders at Craters of the Moon National Monument (COM) was examined using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy in combination with selective extractions. Fe K-edge XAFS is useful for determining speciation in poorly crystalline materials such as young weathering products. Over 86% of Fe in the soil clay fractions was contained in poorly crystalline materials, mostly in the form of ferrihydrite, with the remainder in a poorly crystalline Fe-bearing smectite. The XAFS spectra suggest that ferrihydrite in the 15 ka soil clay is more resistant to ammonium oxalate (AOD) extraction than is ferrihydrite in the younger materials. Fe in the poorly crystalline smectite is subject to dissolution during citrate-bicarbonate- dithionite (CBD) extraction. The results indicate that relatively few mineralogical changes occur in these soils within the millennial time frame and under the environmental conditions associated with this study. Although the secondary mineral suite remains similar in the soils of different ages, ferrihydrite crystallinity appears to increase with increasing soil age.

Keywords

Fe mineralogyFerrihydriteSmectiteWeatheringXAFS
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 58 , Issue 6 , December 2010 , pp. 772 - 782
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2010

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