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Exercise as an add-on strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2014

Gioia Mura ,
Maria Francesca Moro ,
Scott B. Patten  and
Mauro G. Carta
Gioia Mura*
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Maria Francesca Moro
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Scott B. Patten
Affiliation:
Departments of Community Health Science and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Mauro G. Carta
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
*
Address for correspondence: Dott.ssa Gioia Mura, Centro di Psichiatria di Consultazione e Psicosomatica AOU Cagliari, Via G. Porcell 4, 09100 Cagliari, Italy. (Email: mura.gioia@virgilio.it)
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Abstract

Antidepressants are currently the treatment of choice for major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, a high percentage of patients do not respond to a first-line antidepressant drug, and combination treatments and augmentation strategies increase the risk of side effects. Moreover, a significant proportion of patients are treatment-resistant. In the last 30 years, a number of studies have sought to establish whether exercise could be regarded as an alternative to antidepressants, but so far no specific analysis has examined the efficacy of exercise as an adjunctive treatment in combination with antidepressants. We carried out a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise as an adjunctive treatment with antidepressants on depression.

A search of relevant papers was carried out in PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus with the following keywords: “exercise,” “physical activity,” “physical fitness,” “depressive disorder,” “depression,” “depressive symptoms,” “add-on,” “augmentation,” “adjunction,” and “combined therapy.” Twenty-two full-text articles were retrieved by the search. Among the 13 papers that fulfilled our inclusion criteria, we found methodological weaknesses in the majority. However, the included studies showed a strong effectiveness of exercise combined with antidepressants.

Further analyses and higher quality studies are needed; nevertheless, as we have focused on a particular intervention (exercise in adjunction to antidepressants) that better reflects clinical practice, we can hypothesize that this strategy could be appropriately and safely translated into real-world practice.

Keywords

Adjunction therapyAntidepressantsdepressiondepressive disorderexercisephysical activity
Type
Review Articles
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 19 , Issue 6 , December 2014 , pp. 496 - 508
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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