Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T03:36:18.443Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Fourth Order Exponential Time Differencing Method with Local Discontinuous Galerkin Approximation for Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

X. Liang*
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Computational ScienceMiddle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132-0001, USA
A. Q. M. Khaliq
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Computational ScienceMiddle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132-0001, USA
Y. Xing
Affiliation:
Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 and Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
*
*Email addresses: xl2h@mtmail.mtsu.edu (X. Liang), Abdul.Khaliq@mtsu.edu (A. Q. M. Khaliq), xingy@math.utk.edu (Y. Xing)
Get access

Abstract

This paper studies a local discontinuous Galerkin method combined with fourth order exponential time differencing Runge-Kutta time discretization and a fourth order conservative method for solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Based on different choices of numerical fluxes, we propose both energy-conserving and energy-dissipative local discontinuous Galerkin methods, and have proven the error estimates for the semi-discrete methods applied to linear Schrödinger equation. The numerical methods are proven to be highly efficient and stable for long-range soliton computations. Extensive numerical examples are provided to illustrate the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of the proposed methods.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Global Science Press Limited 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1]Agrawal, G.P., Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic Press (2001), 264267.Google Scholar
[2]Anderson, D., Variational approach to nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers, Phys. Rev. A, 3rd Series (1983), 31353145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3]Benney, D.J. and Newll, A.C., The propagation of nonlinear wave envelops, J. Math. Phys., 46 (1967), 133139.Google Scholar
[4]Berland, H., Islas, A.L. and Schober, C.M., Solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation using exponential integrators, J. Comput. Phys., 255 (2007), 284299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5]Beylkin, G., Keiser, J.M. and Vozovoi, L., A new class of time discretization schemes for the solution of nonlinear PDEs, J. Comput. Phys., 147 (1998), 362387.Google Scholar
[6]Bona, J.L., Chen, H., Karakashian, O. and Xing, Y., Conservative discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation. Math. Comput., 82 (2013), 14011432.Google Scholar
[7]Chang, Q.S., Jia, E. and Sun, W., Difference schemes for solving the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, J. Comput. Phys., 148 (1999), 397415.Google Scholar
[8]Cheng, Y. and Shu, C.-W., Superconvergence of discontinuous Galerkin and local discontinuous Galerkin schemes for linear hyperbolic and convection diffusion equations in one space dimension, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 47 (2010), 40444072.Google Scholar
[9]Chou, C.-S., Shu, C.-W. and Xing, Y., Optimal energy conserving local discontinuous Galerkin methods for second-order wave equation in heterogeneous media, J. Comput. Phys., 272 (2014), 88107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[10]Ciarlet, P.G., The Finite Element Method for Elliptic Problems, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1978.Google Scholar
[11]Cockburn, B. and Shu, C.-W., TVB Runge-Kutta local projection discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for conservation laws II: general framework. Math. Comput., 52 (1989), 411435.Google Scholar
[12]Cockburn, B. and Shu, C.-W., The local discontinuous Galerkin method for time-dependent convection-diffusion systems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 35 (1998), 24402463.Google Scholar
[13]Cockburn, B. and Shu, C.-W., Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin methods for convection-dominated problems. J. Sci. Comput., 16 (2001), 173261.Google Scholar
[14]Cox, S.M. and Matthews, P.C., Exponential time differencing for stiff systems, J. Comput. Phys., 176 (2002), 430455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[15]Griffiths, D.F., Mitchell, A.R. and Morris, J.L., A numerical study of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Comput. Methods in Appl. Mech. Eng., 45 (1984), 177215.Google Scholar
[16]Hederi, M., Islas, A.L., Reger, K. and Schober, C.M., Efficiency of exponential time differencing schemes for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Math. Comput. Simulat., (2013), dx.doi.org/10.10167j.matcom.2013.05.013.Google Scholar
[17]Hochbruck, M. and Ostermann, A., Exponential integrators, Acta. Numerica. (2010), 209286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18]Hoz, F.D. and Vadillo, F., An exponential time differencing method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Comput. Phys. Commun., 179 (2008), 449456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[19]Ismail, M.S. and Alamri, S.Z., Highly Accurate Finite Difference Method for Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Int. J. Comp. Math. 81 (2004), 333C351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20]Ismail, M.S. and Taha, T.R., Numerical simulation of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Math. Comput. Simulat., 56 (2001), 547562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[21]Karakashian, O. and Makridakis, C., A space-time finite element method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation: the discontinuous Galerkin method, Math. Comput., 67 (1998), 479499.Google Scholar
[22]Kassam, A.-K. and Trefethen, L.N., Fourth-order time-stepping for stiff PDEs, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 26 (2005), 12141233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[23]Klein, C., Fourth order time-stepping for low dispersion Korteweg-De Vries and nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal., 29 (2008), 116135.Google Scholar
[24]Khaliq, A.Q.M., Martin-Vaquero, J., Wade, B.A. and Yousuf, M., Smoothing schemes for reaction-diffusion systems with non-smooth data. J. Comput. Appl. Math., 223 (2009), 374386.Google Scholar
[25]Lange, H., On Dysthe’s nonlinear Schrödinger equation for deep water waves, Transp. Theory Stat. Phys., 29 (2000), 509524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[26]Liang, X., Khaliq, A.Q.M., and Sheng, Q., Exponential time differencing Crank-Nicolson method with a quartic spline approximation for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Appl. Math. Comp., 235 (2014), 235252.Google Scholar
[27]Meng, X., Shu, C.-W. and Wu, B., Optimal error estimates for discontinuous Galerkin methods based on upwind-biased fluxes for linear hyperbolic equations, Math. Comput., to appear.Google Scholar
[28]Menyuk, C.R., Nonlinear pulse propagation in birefringent optical fibers, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-23 (1987), 174176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[29]Pathria, D. and Morris, J.L., Pseudo-spectral solution of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, J. Comput. Phys., 87 (1990), 108125.Google Scholar
[30]Sanz-Serna, J.M. and Verwer, J.G., Conservative and nonconservative schemes for the solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, IMA J. Numer. Anal., 6 (1986), 2542.Google Scholar
[31]Sulem, P.L., Sulem, C. and Patera, A., Numerical simulation of singular solutions to the two-dimensional cubic Schrödinger equation, Pure Appl. Math., 37 (1984), 755778.Google Scholar
[32]Sheng, Q., Khaliq, A.Q.M., and Al-Said, E.A., Solving the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation via quartic spline approximation, J. Comput. Phys., 166 (2001), 400417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[33]Sun, Z.Z. and Zhao, D.D., On the L convergence of a difference scheme for coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Comput. Math. Appl., 59 (2010), 32863300.Google Scholar
[34]Taha, T.R. and Ablowitz, M.J., Analytical and numerical aspects of certain nonlinear evolution equations II. Numerical, nonlinear Schrödinger equation, J. Comput. Phys., 55 (1984), 203230.Google Scholar
[35]Xing, Y., Chou, C.-S. and Shu, C.-W., Energy conserving local discontinuous Galerkin methods for wave propagation problems. Inverse Problems and Imaging, 7 (2013), 967986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[36]Xu, Y. and Shu, C.-W., Local discontinuous Galerkin methods for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, J. Comput. Phys., 205 (2005), 7297.Google Scholar
[37]Xu, Y. and Shu, C.-W., Optimal error estimates of the semi-discrete local discontinuous Galerkin methods for high order wave equations, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 50 (2012), 79104.Google Scholar
[38]Xia, Y., Xu, Y. and Shu, C.-W., Efficient time discretization for local discontinuous Galerkin methods, Discret. Contin. Dyn. S. – Series B, 8 (2007), 677693.Google Scholar