Earlier versions of this paper were delivered to faculty seminars at Florida International University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and an All-University of California Economic History Conference at Davis. My thanks to the many colleagues who have helped me to refine this argument.

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³⁹ Zotta, Silvio, “Azienda agraria e sussistenza in una terra lucana all'inizio del Seicento,” in Economia e classi sociali nella Puglia moderna, Villani, Pasquale, ed. (Napoli: Guida, 1974), 180.Google Scholar

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⁴¹ ADLPR, as cited in note 38, above.

⁴² de Leruela, Miguel Caxa, Restauracion de la Antigua Abundancia de Espaha, Flem, Jean Paul Le, ed. (Madrid: Instituto de estudios fiscales, 1976 (first ed., Naples, 1630).Google Scholar The links between Spain and Naples are again emphasized if we can remember that Caxa de Leruela was in Naples as a fiscal officer in the company of the visitor general Alarcon (1628–31). For a fuller treatment of the arbitristas, see Vilar, Jean, Literatura y economia. La figura satirica del arbitrista en el Sigh de Oro, Real, Francisco Bustelo G. Del, trans. (Madrid: Selecta de Revista de Occidente, 1973)Google Scholar, and Salomon, Noel, Recherches sur le thème paysan dans la “comedia” au temps de Lope de Vega (Bordeaux: Institut d ‘Etudes Iberiques et Ibero-Americaines de 1 ’Univer- site de Bordeaux, 1965).Google Scholar

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(Daphnis) Il mondo invecchia

e invecchiando intristisce.

(Thyrsis) Forse allora,

non usavan sí spesso i cittadini

ne le selve e ne i campi, né sí spesso

le nostre forosette aveano in uso

d'andare a la cittade. Or son mischiate

schiatte e costumi.

⁴⁴ Venturi, Franco, “The Enlightenment in Southern Italy,” and “Spanish and Italian Economists and Reformers in the Eighteenth Century,” in Italy and the Enlightenment. Studies in a Cosmopolitan Century, Corsi, Susan, trans. (London: Longman, 1972), 198–224, 265–91.Google Scholar Originally published in Rivista Storica ltaliana, 74:1 (1962), 5–26; and 74:3 (1962), 532–61.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Stefano, Di, La ragion pastorale, I, 131, quotes Jacopo Sannazaro, Arcadia, Eclogue 6:Google Scholar

Ed io per quel che veggio ancor comprendolo,

Che son pur vecchio, ed ho curvati gli omeri

In comprar senno, e pur ancor non vendolo.

O quanti intorno a queste selve noveri

Pastori, in vista buon, che tutti furano

Rastri, zappe, sampogne, aratri, e vomeri.

D'oltraggio, e di vergogna aggi non curano

Questi compagni dal rapace Gracculo, ecc.

The English translation is taken from Sannazaro, Jacopo, Arcadia and Piscatorial Eclogues, Nash, Ralph, trans. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1966), 68–69.Google Scholar

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