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Unholy Alliances? Nationalist Exiles, Minorities and Anti-Fascism in Interwar Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2016

XOSÉ M. NÚÑEZ SEIXAS*
Affiliation:
Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Historisches Seminar, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich; x.nunez@lmu.de

Abstract

Ethno-nationalist exiles in the interwar period were a unique species. While some of them relied on their own diasporic networks and waited for a chance, others established agitation platforms and regarded themselves as an alternative International of the ‘oppressed peoples’. Most of these alliances ended in failure, as it proved extremely difficult to reconcile the demands stemming from divergent national claims, such as those of autonomist factions versus irredentist or pro-independence groups, or those of national minorities seeking reintegration into their motherland as opposed to groups seeking independence. This article explores the relationship between minority nationalist exiles and anti-fascism by focusing on three issues: the emergence and evolution of ‘international alliances’ of minority activists in interwar Europe; contacts and ideological exchanges between ethno-nationalist exiles and liberal and anti-fascist segments of European public opinion and, finally, the emergence of a transnational anti-fascist nationality theory.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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37 Bernard Lecache, ‘À tous! à tous!’, Le Cri des Peuples, 30 May 1928.

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40 See, for example, Le Cri des Peuples, 11 July 1928; letter from Bernad Lecache to Josip Vilfan, Paris, 17 May 1928, Vilfan archive, Bundesarchiv Koblenz.

41 See, for example, D. K., ‘Un mouvement qu'on n'arretera pas: c'est l'Anschluss’, Le Cri des Peuples, 15 Aug. 1928.

42 Le Cri des Peuples, 5 Sept. 1928.

43 Bernard Lecache, ‘En suivant les travaux du IVe. Congrés des Nationalités’, Le Cri des Peuples, 5 Sept. 1929.

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51 Irish left-wing parties relied heavily on this past relationship to underscore their sympathy for the Catholic Basques. Solidarity with the Basque Country may also have played a role for some of the 250 Irish volunteers of the International Brigades, including the young Dubliner Sullivan Prendergast, who directly joined a company of Basque volunteers (Gudariak). However, mainstream Irish public opinion supported the Francoist rebels, due to their Catholic devotion. Only one Basque radical leader, Eli Gallastegi, found shelter in Ireland after 1937, thanks to his prior contacts with Irish activists. See Leach, Daniel, Fugitive Ireland. European Minority Nationalists and Irish Political Asylum, 1937–2008 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2009), 5260 Google Scholar.

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