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Are flatter diurnal cortisol rhythms associated with major depression and anxiety disorders in late adolescence? The role of life stress and daily negative emotion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2013

Leah D. Doane ,
Susan Mineka ,
Richard E. Zinbarg ,
Michelle Craske ,
James W. Griffith  and
Emma K. Adam
Leah D. Doane*
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Susan Mineka
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
Richard E. Zinbarg
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
Michelle Craske
Affiliation:
University of California at Los Angeles
James W. Griffith
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
Emma K. Adam
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Leah D. Doane, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 871104, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104; E-mail: Leah.Doane@asu.edu.
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Abstract

Alterations in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning have been associated with major depression disorder (MDD) and some anxiety disorders. Few researchers have tested the possibility that high levels of recent life stress or elevations in negative emotion may partially account for the HPA axis alterations observed in these disorders. In a sample of 300 adolescents from the Youth Emotion Project, we examined associations between MDD and anxiety disorders, dimensional measures of internalizing symptomatology, life stress, mood on the days of cortisol testing, and HPA axis functioning. Adolescents with a past MDD episode and those with a recent MDD episode comorbid with an anxiety disorder had flatter diurnal cortisol slopes than adolescents without a history of internalizing disorders. Higher reports of general distress, a dimension of internalizing symptomatology, were also associated with flatter slopes. Negative emotion, specifically sadness and loneliness, was associated with flatter slopes and partially accounted for the associations between comorbid MDD and anxiety disorders and cortisol. The associations between past MDD and cortisol slopes were not accounted for by negative emotion, dimensional variation in internalizing symptomatology, or levels of life stress, indicating that flatter cortisol slopes may also be a “scar” marker of past experiences of MDD.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , August 2013 , pp. 629 - 642
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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