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Childhood predictors and moderators of lifetime risk of self-harm in girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2020

Jocelyn I. Meza Open the ORCID record for Jocelyn I. Meza [Opens in a new window] ,
Elizabeth B. Owens  and
Stephen P. Hinshaw
Jocelyn I. Meza*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Elizabeth B. Owens
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Stephen P. Hinshaw
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Jocelyn I. Meza, Ph.D. Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA94720-1650, USA; E-mail: jmeza@berkeley.edu.
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Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with self-harm during adolescence and young adulthood, especially among females. Yet little is known about the developmental trajectories or childhood predictors/moderators of self-harm in women with and without childhood histories of ADHD. We characterized lifetime risk for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation (SI), and suicide attempts (SA), comparing female participants with (n = 140) and without (n = 88) childhood ADHD. We examined theory-informed childhood predictors and moderators of lifetime risk via baseline measures from childhood. First, regarding developmental patterns, most females with positive histories of lifetime self-harm engaged in such behaviors in adolescence yet desisted by adulthood. Females with positive histories of self-harm by late adolescence emanated largely from the ADHD-C group. Second, we found that predictors of NSSI were early externalizing symptoms, overall executive functioning, and father's negative parenting; predictors of SI were adverse childhood experiences and low self-esteem; and predictors of SA were early externalizing symptoms, adverse childhood experiences, and low self-esteem. Third, receiver operating characteristics analyses helped to ascertain interactive sets of predictors. Findings indicate that pathways to self-harm are multifaceted for females with ADHD. Understanding early childhood predictors and moderators of self-harm can inform both risk assessment and intervention strategies.

Keywords

ADHDdevelopmentrisk factorsself-harmwomen
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 4 , October 2021 , pp. 1351 - 1367
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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