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The conditioning of intervention effects on early adolescent alcohol use by maternal involvement and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genetic variants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2015

H. Harrington Cleveland ,
Gabriel L. Schlomer ,
David J. Vandenbergh ,
Mark Feinberg ,
Mark Greenberg ,
Richard Spoth ,
Cleve Redmond ,
Mark D. Shriver ,
Arslan A. Zaidi  and
Kerry L. Hair
H. Harrington Cleveland*
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Gabriel L. Schlomer
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
David J. Vandenbergh
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Mark Feinberg
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Mark Greenberg
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Richard Spoth
Affiliation:
Iowa State University
Cleve Redmond
Affiliation:
Iowa State University
Mark D. Shriver
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Arslan A. Zaidi
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Kerry L. Hair
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: H. Harrington Cleveland, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 315 East Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16802; E-mail: cleveland@psu.edu.
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Abstract

Data drawn from the in-home subsample of the PROSPER intervention dissemination trial were used to investigate the moderation of intervention effects on underage alcohol use by maternal involvement and candidate genes. The primary gene examined was dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4). Variation in this gene and maternal involvement were hypothesized to moderate the influence of intervention status on alcohol use. The PROSPER data used were drawn from 28 communities randomly assigned to intervention or comparison conditions. Participating youth were assessed in five in-home interviews from sixth to ninth grades. A main effect of sixth-grade pretest maternal involvement on ninth-grade alcohol use was found. Neither intervention status nor DRD4 variation was unconditionally linked to ninth-grade drinking. However, moderation analyses revealed a significant three-way interaction among DRD4 status, maternal involvement, and intervention condition. Follow-up analyses revealed that prevention reduced drinking risk, but only for youth with at least one DRD4 seven-repeat allele who reported average or greater pretest levels of maternal involvement. To determine if this conditional pattern was limited to the DRD4 gene, we repeated analyses using the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region site near the serotonin transporter gene. The results for this supplemental analysis revealed a significant three-way interaction similar but not identical to that found for DRD4.

Type
Special Section Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 27 , Issue 1: What Works for Whom? Genetic Moderation of Intervention Efficacy , February 2015 , pp. 51 - 67
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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