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Stress and the healthy adolescent brain: Evidence for the neural embedding of life events

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2013

Barbara L. Ganzel ,
Pilyoung Kim ,
Heather Gilmore ,
Nim Tottenham  and
Elise Temple
Barbara L. Ganzel*
Affiliation:
Cornell University
Pilyoung Kim
Affiliation:
University of Denver
Nim Tottenham
Affiliation:
University of California at Los Angeles
Elise Temple
Affiliation:
NeuroFocus, Inc.
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Barbara L. Ganzel, Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; E-mail: blg4@cornell.edu.
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Abstract

Little is known about the long-term neural consequences of adverse life events for healthy adolescents, and this is particularly the case for events that occur after a putative stress-sensitive period in early childhood. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy adolescents, we found that prior exposure to severe adverse life events was associated with current anxiety and with increased amygdala reactivity to standardized emotional stimuli (viewing of fearful faces relative to calm ones). Conjunction analyses identified multiple regions, including the amygdala, insula, and prefrontal cortex, in which reactivity to emotional faces covaried with life events as well as with current anxiety. Our morphometric analyses suggest systemic alterations in structural brain development with an association between anxiety symptoms and global gray matter volume. No life events were reported for the period before 4 years of age, suggesting that these results were not driven by exposure to stress during an early sensitive period in development. Overall, these data suggest systemic effects of traumatic events on the dynamically developing brain that are present even in a nonclinical sample of adolescents.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 25 , Issue 4pt1 , November 2013 , pp. 879 - 889
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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