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Supportive parenting mediates neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in children's antisocial behavior from ages 5 to 12

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2012

Candice L. Odgers ,
Avshalom Caspi ,
Michael A. Russell ,
Robert J. Sampson ,
Louise Arseneault  and
Terrie E. Moffitt
Candice L. Odgers*
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Avshalom Caspi
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine Duke University
Michael A. Russell
Affiliation:
King's College London
Robert J. Sampson
Affiliation:
Harvard University
Louise Arseneault
Affiliation:
Duke University
Terrie E. Moffitt
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine Duke University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Candice L. Odgers, Center for Child and Family Policy and Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; E-mail: candice.odgers@duke.edu.
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Abstract

We report a graded relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and children's antisocial behavior that (a) can be observed at school entry, (b) widens across childhood, (c) remains after controlling for family-level SES and risk, and (d) is completely mediated by maternal warmth and parental monitoring (defined throughout as supportive parenting). The children were participants in the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 2,232), which prospectively tracked the development of children and their neighborhoods across childhood. Direct and independent effects of neighborhood-level SES on children's antisocial behavior were observed as early as age 5, and the gap between children living in deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods widened as children approached adolescence. By age 12, the effect of neighborhood SES on children's antisocial behavior was as large as the effect observed for our most robust predictor of antisocial behavior: sex (Cohen d = 0.51 when comparing children growing up in deprived vs. more affluent neighborhoods in comparison to Cohen d = 0.53 when comparing antisocial behavior among boys vs. girls). However, these relatively large differences in children's levels and rate of change in antisocial behavior across deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods were completely mediated by supportive parenting practices. The implications of our findings for studying and reducing socioeconomic disparities in antisocial behavior among children are discussed.

Type
Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 24 , Issue 3: Multilevel Approaches Toward Understanding Antisocial Behavior: Current Research and Future Directions , August 2012 , pp. 705 - 721
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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