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Early adversity and children's emotion regulation: Differential roles of parent emotion regulation and adversity exposure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2021

Helen M. Milojevich ,
Laura Machlin  and
Margaret A. Sheridan
Helen M. Milojevich*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
Laura Machlin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Margaret A. Sheridan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Helen M. Milojevich, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 NE 13th Street, 4th Floor Nicholson Tower, Suite 4946, Oklahoma City, OK73104; E-mail: helen-milojevich@ouhsc.edu.
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Abstract

Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased rates of psychopathology and poor physical health. The present study builds on foundational work by Megan Gunnar identifying how ELA results in poor long-term outcomes through alterations in the stress response system, leading to major disruptions in emotional and behavioral regulation. Specifically, the present study tested the direct effects of ELA against the role of parent socialization to shed light on the mechanisms by which ELA leads to emotion regulation deficits. Children ages 4–7 years (N = 64) completed interviews about their experiences of deprivation and threat, a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, and an IQ test. Parents of the children completed questionnaires regarding their own emotion regulation difficulties and psychopathology, their children's emotion regulation, and child exposure to adversity. At the bivariate level, greater exposure to threat and parental difficulties with emotion regulation were associated with poorer emotion regulation in children, assessed both via parental report and physiologically. In models where parental difficulties with emotion regulation, threat, and deprivation were introduced simultaneously, regression results indicated that parental difficulties with emotion regulation, but not deprivation or threat, continued to predict children's emotion regulation abilities. These results suggest that parental socialization of emotion is a robust predictor of emotion regulation tendencies in children exposed to early adversity.

Keywords

abuseDMAPearly adversityemotion regulationneglectsocialization
Type
Special Section 2: Early Adversity and Development: Contributions from the Field
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Special Issue 5: Early Adversity, Stress, and Neurobehavioral Development: Honoring Megan R. Gunnar's Contributions to Developmental Science , December 2020 , pp. 1788 - 1798
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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