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Early maturation and substance use across adolescence and young adulthood: A longitudinal study of Finnish twins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2017

Jeanne E. Savage ,
Richard J. Rose ,
Lea Pulkkinen ,
Karri Silventoinen ,
Tellervo Korhonen ,
Jaakko Kaprio ,
Nathan Gillespie  and
Danielle M. Dick
Jeanne E. Savage*
Affiliation:
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richard J. Rose
Affiliation:
Indiana University
Lea Pulkkinen
Affiliation:
University of Jyvaskyla
Karri Silventoinen
Affiliation:
University of Helsinki
Tellervo Korhonen
Affiliation:
University of Helsinki University of Eastern Finland
Jaakko Kaprio
Affiliation:
University of Helsinki National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki
Nathan Gillespie
Affiliation:
Virginia Commonwealth University
Danielle M. Dick*
Affiliation:
Virginia Commonwealth University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Jeanne E. Savage, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298; E-mail: savagej@vcu.edu; or Danielle M. Dick, College of Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; E-mail: ddick@vcu.edu.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Jeanne E. Savage, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298; E-mail: savagej@vcu.edu; or Danielle M. Dick, College of Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; E-mail: ddick@vcu.edu.
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Abstract

Early maturation, indexed by pubertal development (PD), has been associated with earlier initiation and greater frequency of adolescent substance use, but this relationship may be biased by confounding factors and effects that change across development. Using a population-based Finnish twin sample (N = 3,632 individuals), we conducted twin modeling and multilevel structural equation modeling of the relationship between PD and substance use at ages 12–22. Shared environmental factors contributed to early PD and heavier substance use for females. Biological father absence was associated with early PD for boys but not girls, and did not account for the relationship between PD and substance use. The association between early PD and heavier substance use was partially due to between-family confounds, although early PD appeared to qualitatively alter long-term trajectories for some substances (nicotine), but not others (alcohol). Mediation by peer and parental factors did not explain this relationship within families. However, higher peer substance use and lower parental monitoring were themselves associated with heavier substance use, strengthening the existing evidence for these factors as targets for prevention/intervention efforts. Early maturation was not supported as a robust determinant of alcohol use trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood, but may require longer term follow-up. Subtle effects of early PD on nicotine and illicit drug use trajectories throughout adolescence and adulthood merit further investigation.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , February 2018 , pp. 79 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

Jeanne E. Savage is supported by Award T32MH020030 from the National Institute of Mental Health and UL1TR000058 from the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Advancing Translational Science. Nathan Gillespie is supported by Grant R00DA023549 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Danielle M. Dick is supported by Award K01AA018755 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The Finnish Twin studies were supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Grants AA12502, AA00145, and AA-09203 to R.J.R. and AA015416 to D.M.D.), the Academy of Finland (Grants 100499, 205585, 141054, 118555, 265240, 263278, and 264146 to J.K. and 266592 to K.S.), and the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence Programme (to L.P. and J.K.). The funding sources had no further role in the study design, data analysis, writing of the report, or decision to submit this manuscript for publication. The authors have no conflicts of interest.

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