Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:08:44.322Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Enhancing the Relevance of Incident Management Systems in Public Health Emergency Preparedness: A Novel Conceptual Framework

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2015

Richard Bochenek
Affiliation:
Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada George Brown College School of Emergency Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Moira Grant*
Affiliation:
Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
Brian Schwartz
Affiliation:
Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to Moira Grant, Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto ON Canada M5G 1V4 (e-mail: moira.grant@oahpp.ca).

Abstract

We outline a conceptual framework developed to meet the needs of public health professionals in the province of Ontario for incident management system-related education and training. By using visual models, this framework applies a public health lens to emergency management, introducing concepts relevant to public health and thereby shifting the focus of emergency preparedness from a strict “doctrine” to a more dynamic and flexible approach grounded in the traditional principles of incident management systems. These models provide a foundation for further exploration of the theoretical foundations for public health emergency preparedness in practice. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:415–422)

Type
Concepts in Disaster Medicine
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion. Emergency Preparedness and Incident Response. Toronto, Ontario: Public Health Ontario; 2014. http://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/About/Departments/Pages/Emergency-Management.aspx. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
2. Biddinger, PD, Savoia, E, Massin-Short, SB, et al. Public health emergency preparedness exercises: lessons learned. Public Health Rep. 2010;125:100-106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Ministers Responsible for Emergency Management. An Emergency Management Framework for Canada, 2nd ed. Ottawa, Ontario: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, Emergency Management Policy Directorate; 2011.Google Scholar
4. The Constitution Act. 1982. Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11. https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/schedule-b-to-the-canada-act-1982-uk-1982-c-11/latest/schedule-b-to-the-canada-act-1982-uk-1982-c-11.html. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
5. National Advisory Committee on SARS and Public Health. Learning from SARS: Renewal of Public Health in Canada: A Report of the National Advisory Committee on SARS and Public Health. Ottawa, Ontario: Health Canada; 2003.Google Scholar
6. Belanger, PR. Report of the Elliot Lake Commission of Inquiry. Part Two: The Emergency Response and Inquiry Process . Ottawa, Ontario: Queen’s Printer for Ontario; 2014.Google Scholar
7. Emergency Management Ontario. Incident Management System (IMS) for Ontario. 2008; http://www.emergencymanagementontario.ca/stellent/groups/public/@mcscs/@www/@emo/documents/webasset/ec077494.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
8. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Ontario public health standards. Toronto, Ontario: Queen’s Printer for Ontario; 2008 (revised May 1, 2014). http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/publichealth/oph_standards/docs/ophs_2008.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
9. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Public Health Emergency Preparedness Protocol, Emergency Preparedness Standards 2008. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/publichealth/oph_standards/docs/emergency_preparedness.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Emergency Management Ontario. Frequently Asked Questions. Q#15: Is IMS regulated? 2013. http://www.emergencymanagementontario.ca/english/emcommunity/ProvincialPrograms/IMS/Resources/CommunicationProducts/IMS_FAQ.html. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
11. Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (PHO). Identifying educational needs for emergency preparedness of public health units in Ontario: final report. (Unpublished report.) Toronto, Ontario: Queen’s Printer for Ontario; 2014.Google Scholar
12. Christian, MD, Kollek, D, Schwartz, B. Emergency preparedness: what every health care worker needs to know. Can J Emerg Med. 2005;7(5):330-337. http://www.ceep.ca/publications/Emergency_Preparedness.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Qureshi, K, Gebbie, KM, Gebbie, EN. Public Health Incident Command System: A Guide for the Management of Emergencies or Other Unusual Incidents Within Public Health Agencies. Vol 1. 2006. http://www.ualbanycphp.org/pinata/phics/masters/PHICS_vol1_2006_Oct_27.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
14. Papagiotas, SS, Frank, M, Bruce, S, et al. From SARS to 2009 H1N1 influenza: the evolution of a public health incident management system at CDC. Public Health Rep. 2012;127(3):267-274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. US Department of Health & Human Services. Incident Command System primer for public health and medical professionals. 2012. http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/mscc/handbook/Pages/appendixb.aspx. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
16. VanDevanter, N, Leviss, P, Abramson, D, et al. Emergency response and public health in Hurricane Katrina: what does it mean to be a public health emergency responder. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2010;16(6):E16-25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Mintzberg, H. Mintzberg on Management. London: Collier Macmillan; 1989.Google Scholar
18. Buck, DA, Trainor, JE, Aguirre, BE. A critical evaluation of the Incident Command System and NIMS. J Homeland Secur Emer Manag. 2006;3(3):1-27.Google Scholar
19. Laska, S, Hearn Morrow, B, Willinger, B, et al. Gender and disasters: theoretical considerations. In: Willinger B, ed. Katrina and the Women of New Orleans. Chapter 1. New Orleans: Newcomb College Center for Research on Women; 2008. http://www.learningace.com/doc/200818/8d0d76ca50363f986b258a51550c0e98/nccrowreport08. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
20. Ford, RC, Randolph, WA. Cross-functional structures: review and integration of matrix organization and project management. J Manag. 1992;18(2):267-294.Google Scholar
21. Duncan, WJ, Ginter, PM, Rucks, AC, et al. Organizing emergency preparedness within United States public health departments. Public Health (Elsevier). 2007;121(4):241-250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22. Botoseneanu, A, Wu, H, Wasserman, J, et al. Achieving public health legal preparedness: how dissonant views on public health law threaten emergency preparedness and response. J Public Health (Oxford). 2011;33(3):361-368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Enarson, E. Gender mainstreaming in emergency management: opportunities for building community resilience in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2008. http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/publications/v.php?id=9457. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
24. Ha-Redeye, O. “Engendering” change in disaster response: increasing women in leadership roles. In: Provost M, Griffiths D, eds. Gender and Disaster in Canada: New Thinking, New Direction. Sydney, Nova Scotia: Cape Breton University; 2006:53-60. http://usgdra.org/wp-content/uploads/file/CA%20Confernce-Gender%20and%20Disaster%202006.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
25. Kennedy, C, Baker, T. Changing demographics of public health graduates: potential implications for the public health workforce. Public Health Rep. 2005;120(3):355-357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Fee, E, Greene, B. Science and social reform: women in public health. J Public Health Policy. 1989;10(2):161-177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Dynes, R. Disaster reduction: the importance of adequate assumptions about social organization. Sociol Spectr. 1993;13:175-192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Moore, S, Mawji, A, Shiell, A, et al. Public health preparedness: a systems-level approach. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61:282-286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Lurie, S. Getting to integration: command and control or emergent process. Public Sector Innovation J. 1990;14(1). http://www.innovation.cc/scholarly-style/lurie4.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
30. Moeller, BJ. National Incident Management System: bringing order to chaos. In: Pinkowski J, ed. Disaster Management Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2008:354-363.Google Scholar
31. Stambler, K, Barbera, JA. Engineering the Incident Command and Multiagency Coordination Systems. J Homeland Secur Emer Manag. 2011;8(1):article 43.Google Scholar
32. Stumpf, J. Incident command system: the history and need. Internet J Rescue Disaster Med. 2001;2(1). http://ispub.com/IJRDM/2/1/4679. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
33. Moynihan, DP. Combining structural forms in the search for policy tools: incident command systems in U.S. crisis management. Governance. 2008;21(2):205-229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34. Decker, RJ. Acceptance and utilisation of the Incident Command System in first response and allied disciplines: an Ohio study. J Bus Contin Emer Plan. 2011;5(3):224-230.Google ScholarPubMed
35. Kohn, S, Barnett, DJ, Galastri, C, et al. Public health-specific national incident management system trainings: building a system for preparedness. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(suppl):43-50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36. Wenger, D, Quarantelli, EL, Dynes, RR. Is the Incident Command System a plan for all seasons and emergency situations? Hazard Monthly. 1990;10:8-12.Google Scholar
37. McEntire, DA. The status of emergency management theory: issues, barriers, and recommendations for improved scholarship. Paper presented at: FEMA Higher Education Conference; June 8, 2004; Emmitsburg, MD. http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/downloads/David%20McEntire%20-%20%20Status%20of%20Emergency%20Management%20Theory.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
38. Adams, EH, Scanlon, E, Callahan, JJ, et al. Utilization of an incident command system for a public health threat: West Nile virus in Nassau Country, New York, 2008. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2010;16(4):309-315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39. Tsai, MC, Arnold, JL, Chuang, CC, et al. Implementation of the Hospital Emergency Incident Command System during an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) at a hospital in Taiwan, ROC. J Emerg Med. 2005;28(2):185-196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40. Francis, LM. Learner Interest: An Affective Variable in Iterative Course Design Evaluation [dissertation]. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University; 2009.Google Scholar
41. Knowles, M, Holton, EF, Swanson, RA. The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 6th ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier; 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42. Miner, KR, Childers, WK, Alperin, M, et al. The MACH model: From competencies to instruction and performance of the public health workforce. Public Health Rep. 2005;120(suppl 1):9-15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43. Rottman, SJ, Shoaf, KI, Dorian, A. Development of a training curriculum for public health preparedness. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2006; (Nov suppl):S128-S131.Google Scholar
44. Slavcev, RA, Tjendra, J, Cheung, D. A model of iterative outcome-based curriculum design and assessment for strategic pharmacy education in Canada. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2013;5(6). http://www.pharmacyteaching.com/article/S1877-1297%2813%2900119-6/abstract?source=aemf. Accessed April 1, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. Canadian Standards Association. CSA Z1600-14 Essentials – Emergency Management & Business Continuity Programs. Mississauga, Ontario: CSA; 2014.Google Scholar
46. US Department of Education. Emergency Management Cycle/Phases. Washington, DC; 2008. http://prepare.ua.edu/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/emergency-management-cycle-pdf.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
47. Lionetti, TM, Snyder, EP, Christner, RW, eds. A Practical Guide to Building Professional Competencies in School Psychology. New York, NY: Springer; 2011:196-197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48. Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (PHO). Public Health Emergency Preparedness: An IMS-based workshop. Toronto: PHO; 2015.Google Scholar
49. Center for Public Health Preparedness, School of Public Health University. Public Health Incident Command System (PHICS): Implementing ICS Within Public Health Agencies. Albany, NY: State University of New York; 2006. http://www.ualbanycphp.org/pinata/phics/. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
50. Bigley, GA, Roberts, KH. The Incident Command System: high-reliability organizing for complex and volatile task environments. Acad Manage J. 2001;14(6):1281-1299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51. Walker, D. For the public’s health: initial report of the Ontario expert panel on SARS and infectious disease control. 2004. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/common/ministry/publications/reports/walker_panel_2003/health_cover.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar
52. Campbell, A. SARS and Public Health Legislation. The SARS Commission Second Interim Report: SARS and public health legislation. 2005. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/common/ministry/publications/reports/campbell05/campbell05.aspx. Accessed April 1, 2015.Google Scholar