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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soils of Glasgow, UK

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2018

Alexander W. Kim ,
Christopher H. Vane ,
Vicky L. Moss-Hayes ,
Darren J. Beriro ,
C. Paul Nathanail ,
Fiona M. Fordyce  and
Paul A. Everett
Alexander W. Kim*
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Organic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK. Email: awk@bgs.ac.uk
Christopher H. Vane
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Organic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK. Email: awk@bgs.ac.uk
Vicky L. Moss-Hayes
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Organic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK. Email: awk@bgs.ac.uk
Darren J. Beriro
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Organic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK. Email: awk@bgs.ac.uk
C. Paul Nathanail
Affiliation:
School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK & Land Quality Management Ltd., The Sir Colin Campbell Building, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK.
Fiona M. Fordyce
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK.
Paul A. Everett
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK.
*
*Corresponding author
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Abstract

Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in 84 near-surface soils (5–20cm depth) taken from a 255km2 area of Glasgow in the Clyde Basin, UK, during July 2011. Total petroleum hydrocarbon range was 79–2,505mgkg–1 (mean 388mgkg–1; median 272mgkg–1) of which the aromatic fraction was 13–74 % (mean 44 %, median 43 %) and saturates were 28–87 % (mean 56 %, median 57 %). ∑16 PAH varied from 2–653mgkg–1 (mean 32.4mgkg–1; median 12.5mgkg–1) and ∑31 PAH range was 2.47–852mgkg–1 (mean 45.4mgkg–1; median 19.0mgkg–1). ∑PCBtri-hepta range was 2.2–1052μgkg–1 (mean 32.4μgkg–1; median 12.7μgkg–1) and the ∑PCB7 range was 0.3–344μgkg–1 (mean 9.8μgkg–1; median 2.7μgkg–1). The concentration, distribution and source of the persistent organic pollutants were compared with those found in urban soils from other cities and to human health assessment criteria for chronic exposure to chemicals in soil. Total concentrations encountered were generally similar to other urban areas that had a similar industrial history. Benzo[a]pyrene concentrations were assessed against four different land use scenarios (irrespective of current land use) using generic assessment criteria resulting in six of 84 samples exceeding the residential criteria. Isomeric PAH ratios and relative abundance of perylene suggest multiple and environmentally modified pyrogenic PAH sources, inferred to be representative of diffuse pollution. ∑PCB7 concentrations were exceeded in 10 % of sites using the Dutch target value of 20μgkg–1. PCB congener profiles were environmentally attenuated and generally dominated by penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners.

Keywords

benzo[a]pyrenecontaminationdose–response roadmapland qualitypersistent organic pollutantspollutionrisktotal petroleum hydrocarbons
Type
Articles
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 108 , Issue 2-3: The Geosciences in Europe’s Urban Sustainability: Lessons from Glasgow and Beyond (CUSP) , June 2017 , pp. 231 - 247
Copyright
Copyright © British Geological Survey UKRI 2018 

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