Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T21:07:16.218Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The use of graptolites in the stratigraphy of the Southern Uplands: Peach's legacy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

A. W. A. Rushton
A. W. A. Rushton
Affiliation:
A. W. A. Rushton. Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD (former address: British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG), U.K.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Lapworth, at the time of his 1878 paper on the Moffat Series, was the world's foremost expert on graptolites, and in that paper he gave the first great demonstration of the biostratigraphical value of graptolites. Peach & Home's resurvey of the Southern Uplands of Scotland extended Lapworth's ideas and his use of graptolites across the entire region. Peach's graptolitic work for the Survey is discussed: even though he identified a smaller repertoire of graptolites than Lapworth had, and often identified their general horizons rather than exact zone, his results are considered broadly correct. His faunal lists often emphasise the oldest faunas from the Moffat Shale inliers, presumably in order to stress their supposedly anticlinal structure. Subsequent work has seen a great extension of graptolite taxonomy and provided more detailed biostratigraphical subdivision, especially in the Silurian. The model of the Southern Uplands as an imbricate thrust stack is constrained by identifying the youngest (rather than oldest) fauna from the Moffat Shale inliers or, where possible, graptolites from the overlying greywacke formations. Such work has enabled the identification of about 25 thrust tracts in SW Scotland and of out-of-sequence thrusting in the Moniaive and Peebles areas to the NE.

Keywords

Barrande's ColoniesGala GroupLapworthMoffat ShaleOrdovicianSilurian
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 91 , Issue 3-4: The Southern Uplands Terrane: Tectonics and Biostratigraphy within the Caledonian Orogen , 2000 , pp. 341 - 347
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armstrong, H. A., Rushton, A. W. A., Owen, A. W. & Floyd, J. D. 1998. Biostratigraphy of the Currarie Formation on the northwestern edge of the Southern Uplands: implications for the cessation of basic volcanism. Scottish Journal of Geology 34, 119–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrande, J. 1850. Graptolites de Bohême. Prague.Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1861. Défence des Colonies I. Prague.Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1881. Défence des Colonies V. Prague.Google Scholar
Bouček, B. 1970. The dispute on the Barrande's colonies and his work on graptolites. Časopispro mineralogii a geologii 15, 54–8.Google Scholar
British Geological Survey. 1991. Moffatdale. Solid Geology. 1:25 000. Classical areas of British Geology. Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey.Google Scholar
Elies, G. L. & Wood, E. M. R. 1901–1918. A Monograph of British Graptolites, Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London. Parts 1–11.Google Scholar
Floyd, J. D. & Rushton, A. W. A. 1993. Ashgill greywackes in the Southern Uplands of Scotland: an extension of the Ordovician succession in the Northern Belt. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 84, 79–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortey, R. A. 1993. Charles Lapworth and the biostratigraphic paradigm. Journal of the Geological Society, London 150, 209–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hailwood, E. A. & Kidd, R. B. 1993. High Resolution Stratigraphy. Geological Society Special Publication 70. London: Geological Society.Google Scholar
Hamilton, B. M. 1984. The contribution of Gustav Linnarsson to British stratigraphic geology. Geologiska Förenings i Stockholm Förhandlingar 106, 185–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
H[orne], J. 1925. Arthur Macconochie. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society 11, 395–7.Google Scholar
Horny, R. & Turek, V. 1999. Joachim Barrande (1799–1883)—his life, work and heritage to world palaeontology. Prague: National Museum.Google Scholar
Jones, O. T. 1909. The Hartfell–Valentian succession in the district around Plynlimon and Pont Erwyd (north Cardiganshire). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 65, 463–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeping, H. 1881. The geology of central Wales, with an appendix on some new species of Cladophora, by C. Lapworth. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 37, 144–77.Google Scholar
Kelling, G. 2001. Southern Uplands geology: an historical perspective. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 91 (for 2000), 323–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1872. Notes on the results of some recent researches among the graptolitic black shales of the south of Scotland. Geological Magazine 9, 533–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1873. On an improved classification of the Rhabdophora. Part I. Geological Magazine 10, 500–4, 555–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1876a. On Scottish Monograptidae. Geological Magazine Decade II 3, 308–21, 350–60, 499–507, 544–52, pis 10–13, 20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1876b. In,Armstrong, J. et al. Catalogue of the Western Scottish Fossils. Glasgow: British Association for the Advancement of Science.Google Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1878. The Moffat Series. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 34, 240–346, pls 11–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapworth, 1879–1880. On the geological distribution of the Rhabdophora. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser 5 3, 245–57, 449–55; 4, 333–41, 423–31; 5, 45–62, 273–85, 358–69; 6, 16–29, 185–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1882. The Girvan succession. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 38, 536–666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1899. [Review of] The Survey Memoir on the Scottish Uplands. Geological Magazine, Decade 4 6, 472–9, 510–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leggett, J. K., McKerrow, W. S. & Eales, M. H. 1979. The Southern Uplands of Scotland: a lower Palaeozoic accretionary prism. Journal of the Geological Society, London 136, 755–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnarsson, J. G. O. 1876. On the vertical range of the graptolite types in Sweden. Geological Magazine, Decade 2 3, 241–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loydell, D. K. 1992, 1993. Upper Aeronian and Lower Telychian (Llandovery) graptolites from western mid-Wales. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London: Part 1, 1–55, pi. 1 (Publication no. 589); Part 2, 56–180, pls 2–5 (Publication no. 592).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loydell, D. K. & Cave, R. 1996. The Llandovery–Wenlock boundary and related stratigraphy in eastern mid-Wales, with special reference to the Banwy river section. Newsletters on Stratigraphy 29, 91–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMillan, A. A. 2001. The geology of the New Galloway and Thornhill district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheets 9W and 9E (Scotland).Google Scholar
Marr, J. E. 1880. On the Predevonian rocks of Bohemia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 36, 591–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldroyd, D. R. 1990. The Highlands Controversy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Peach, B. N. & Horne, J. 1899. The Silurian Rocks of Britain. Vol. I: Scotland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. Glasgow: HMSO.Google Scholar
Plas, V. 1970. Joachim Barrande in the field. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii 15, 59–63.Google Scholar
Rickards, R. B. 1976. The sequence of the Silurian graptolite zones in the British Isles. Geological Journal 11, 153–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushton, A. W. A., Stone, P. & Hughes, R. A. 1996. Biostratigraphical control of thrust models for the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 86, 137–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, P. (edit.) 1996. Geology in south-west Scotland—an excursion guide. Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey.Google Scholar
Strachan, I. 1996, 1997. A bibliographic index of British graptolites (Graptoloidea). Monograph of the Palaeontological Society London: Part 1, 1–40 (Publication no. 600), Part 2, 41–155 (Publication no. 603).Google Scholar
Toghill, P. 1968. The graptolite assemblages and zones of the Birkhill Shales (Lower Silurian) at Dobb's Linn. Palaeontology 11, 654–68.Google Scholar
Törnquist, S. L. 1891. Undersökningar öfver Siljansomradets Graptoliter. I. Acta Universitatis Lundensis 26, 1–33.Google Scholar
Törnquist, S. L. 1892. Undersökningar öfver Siljansomradets Graptoliter. II. Acta Universitatis Lundensis 28, 1–47.Google Scholar
Watts, W. W. 1939. The author of the Ordovician System: Charles Lap-worth, M.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 50, 235–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, S. H. 1982a. Upper Ordovician graptolites from the top of the Lower Hartfell Formation (D. clingani and P. linearis zones), near Moffat, southern Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 72, 229–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, S. H. 1982b. The late Ordovician graptolite fauna of the Anceps Bands at Dob's Linn, southern Scotland. Geologica et Palaeontologica 16, 29–56.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. B. 1977. A History of the Geological Survey in Scotland. Institute of Geological Sciences. H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Zalasiewicz, J. A. 1990. Silurian graptolite biostratigraphy in the Welsh Basin. Journal of the Geological Society, London 147, 619–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zalasiewicz, J. A., Rushton, A. W. A. & Owen, A. W. 1995. Late Caradoc graptolitic faunal gradients across the Iapetus Ocean. Geological Magazine 132, 611–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar