Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T22:37:58.878Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXIX. Acanthaceae, with special reference to Strobilanthes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2010

J. R. I. Wood
J. R. I. Wood
Affiliation:
111 Forest Road, Liss, Hants, GU33 7BP, UK.
Get access

Abstract

Various problems and issues in the Acanthaceae of Bhutan and the Himalaya are considered. The typification of Thunbergia grandiflora is discussed, and T. lacei and T. clarkei are reduced to synonomy. A new species of Eranthemum, E. erylhrochilum, is described, and the characters which separate it from its allies are listed. A new combination, P. gomezii, is made in Phlogacanthus. The genus Echinacanthus is reviewed and redefined. One group of species placed in it is moved to a new genus, Clarkeasia. which contains one species with two recognized varieties. The Chinese species, Strobilanthes lofuensis, is moved to Echinacanthus pending a thorough review of the three Chinese species in the genus. A wide-ranging discussion of Strobilanthes is presented, and Bremekamp's division of the genus into some fifty segregate genera is criticized and rejected. Various characters used in dividing the genus including life form (with particular attention to the gregarious flowering of the many plietesial species), anisophylly, inflorescence type, calyx development, corolla shape, pollen and seeds are discussed and reassessed. Although pollen is of minor value in subdividing the genus in the Himalayan region, it is possible to recognize 17 distinct groups of species at infrageneric level. These groups are described and discussed with the hope that they will help towards the reclassification of the Strobilanthes group as a whole. Keys are provided for most groups covering species from outside the Himalayan region as well. Thirty-five individual species of Strobilanthes are discussed, of which 17 are described as new. SEM photographs and line drawings illustrate the new species and various aspects of the genus discussed in the paper.

Type
Articles
Information
Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 51 , Issue 2 , July 1994 , pp. 175 - 273
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, T. (1867). An Enumeration of the Indian species of Acanthaceae. J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 9: 425–526.Google Scholar
Biswas, K. (1934). Strobilanthes furcatus. Assam Forest Records, Botany 1: 23–25.Google Scholar
Blatter, E. (1927–1929). Beautiful Flowers of Kashmir. 2 vols. London.Google Scholar
Bremekamp, C. E. B. (1944). Materials for a Monograph of the Strobilanthinae. Verhandelingen der Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde 2, 41(1): 1–306.Google Scholar
Brummitt, R. K. (1989). Anisophylly in Acanthaceae. Acanthus 4: 1.Google Scholar
Clarke, C. B. (1885). Acanthaceae. In: Hooker, J. D.Flora of British India 4: 387–558. London.Google Scholar
Collett, H. (1902). Flora Simlensis. London.Google Scholar
Gamble, J. S. (1902). A Manual of Indian Timbers. Ed. 2. London.Google Scholar
Hara, H. (1982). Acanthaceae. In: Hara, H., Chater, A. O. & Williams, L. H. J.An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 3: 138–145. London.Google Scholar
HOssain, E. (1980). In: Lauener, L. A.Catalogue of the names published by Hector Léveille: XIII. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 38: 474–81.Google Scholar
Kanjilal, U. N. (1901). Forest Flora of the School Circle, N. W. P. Calcutta.Google Scholar
Kanjilal, U. N., Das, A., Kanjilal, P. C. & De, R. E. (1939). Flora of Assam. Vol. 3. Calcutta.Google Scholar
Li, H. W. (1985). Acanthaceae. In: Wu, Cheng-Yih, Flora Xizangica 4: 408–20.Google Scholar
Matthew, K. M. (1970). The flowering of the Strobilanth (Acanthaceae). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67(3): 502.Google Scholar
Nees Von Esenbeck, C. G. (1832). Acanthaceae. In: Wallich, N.Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 3:70–117. London.Google Scholar
Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1836). Characters of the new species of Indian Acanthaceae. In: Hooker, W. J.Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2: 310–313.Google Scholar
Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1847). Acanthaceae. In: De Candolle, A.L.P.P.Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 11: 46–519. Paris.Google Scholar
Osmaston, A. E. (1927). A Forest Flora of Kumaon. Allahabad.Google Scholar
Osmaston, B. B. (1904). Strobilanthes and natural reproduction. Indian Forester 30:195–196.Google Scholar
Parker, R. N. (1918). A Forest Flora for the Punjab with Hazara and Delhi. Ed. 1. Lahore.Google Scholar
Parker, R. N. (1924). A Forest Flora for the Punjab with Hazara and Delhi. Ed. 2. Lahore.Google Scholar
Robinson, M. E. (1935). The flowering of Strobilanthes in 1934. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38: 117–122.Google Scholar
Santapau, J. (1950). The flowering of Strobilanthes. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 320.Google Scholar
Scotland, R. (1993). Pollen morphology of Contortae (Acanthaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 111: 471–504.Google Scholar
Shakya, P. R. (1975). Three new species of Acanthaceae from Nepal.J. Japan. Bot. 50(4): 97–103.Google Scholar
Sikdar, J. K. (1981). Some new plant records for West Bengal, Jalpaiguri District. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 78: 103–106.Google Scholar
Sikdar, J. K. & Rao, (1984). Further contribution to the Flora of Buxa Forest Division, Jalpaiguri District (West Bengal). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81: 123–148.Google Scholar
Steenis, C. G. G. J. Van (1942). Gregarious flowering of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) in Malaysia. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard., Calcutta, 150th anniversary volume: 91–97.Google Scholar
Trimen, H. (1895). Acanthaceae. In: Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon 3: 286–345. London.Google Scholar
Whitmore, T. C. (1975). Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East. Oxford.Google Scholar
Wood, J.R.I. (1988). Colombian Acanthaceae — some new discoveries and some reconsiderations. Kew Bull. 43: 1–51.Google Scholar