Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T01:20:52.998Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Oxidant Air-pollution on Needle Health and Annual-ring Width in a Ponderosa Pine Forest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

Wayne T. Williams  and
JoAnne Ackermann Williams
Wayne T. Williams
Affiliation:
The Black Apple Institute, 6625 Hillgrove Drive, San Diego, California 92120, USA.
JoAnne Ackermann Williams
Affiliation:
The Black Apple Institute, 6625 Hillgrove Drive, San Diego, California 92120, USA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

More than 485,000 hectares of the Ponderosa Pine forests in the southern Sierra Nevada of California are diseased as a result of air pollution, while approximately 25% of the area of Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park receives enough oxidant air-pollution to elicit symptoms of smog injury on Ponderosa Pine, the dominant mid-elevation tree.

In 1983 we re-examined four permanent study plots that had been established in 1974–75. Smog symptoms on current needles in 1983 occurred on 23.8% of the trees compared with 14.5% only in 1975. Second-year needles had 60.7% showing symptoms compared with 44.2% in 1975. Less than 0.5% of the trees retained 6-years-old needles, and 21% had only 2 years of needle retention. Mortality attributed to air pollution was observed.

Type
Main Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , Autumn 1986 , pp. 229 - 234
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bennett, J.P. (1985). Overview of air pollution effects on National Parks vegetation. Park Science, 5, pp. 8–9.Google Scholar
Bormann, F.H. (1985). Air pollution and forests: An ecosystem perspective. BioScience, 35(7), pp. 434–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
California Air Resources Board (1979). Ozone Patterns on the Western Sierra Slope. Technical Services Division, Sacramento, California, USA: 28 pp.Google Scholar
California State Air Resources Board (1976, 1977, 1978). California Air Quality Data and Annual Summaries, VIII, IX, X. Technical Services Division, Sacramento, California, USA: [various pagination, etc.].Google Scholar
Kozlowski, T.T. (Ed.) (1973). Shedding of Plant Parts. Academic Press, New York, NY, USA: see pp. 237–86, illustr. [Not available for checking.]Google Scholar
Manion, P. (1985). Effects of air pollution on forests. Journal, Air Pollution Control Association, 35(9), pp. 913–5.Google Scholar
Miller, P.R. & McBride, J. (1977). Photochemical Air Pollution Effects on a Mixed Conifer Forest Ecosystem: A Progress Report. Ecol. Res. Series U.S. EPA-600/3-77-104. Corvallis, Oregon, USA: 339 pp.Google Scholar
Miller, P.R., McCutchen, M.H. & Milligan, H.P. (1972). Oxidant air pollution in the Central Valley, Sierra Nevada foothills, and Mineral King Valley of California. Atmospheric Environment, 6, p. 623.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, P.R., Longbottom, G.J. & Longbottom, C.R. (1983). Sensitivity of selected western conifers to ozone. Plant Disease, 67, pp. 1113–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohmart, C.P. & Williams, C.B. Jr (1979). The effects of photochemical oxidants on radial growth increment for five species of conifers on the San Bernardino National Forest. Plant Disease Reporter [‘Plant Disease’], 63(12), pp. 1038–42.Google Scholar
Phillips, S.O., Skelly, J.M. & Burkhart, H.E. (1977). Eastern White Pine exhibits growth retardation by air pollution levels, interaction of rainfall, age, and symptom expression. Phytopathology, 67(6), pp. 721–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pronos, J. & Vogler, D.R. (1981). US Forest Service Report, No. 81–20, 3430 Evaluation. US Forest Service, San Francisco, California, USA: 13 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Pronos, J., Vogler, D.V. & Smith, R.S. Jr (1978). An Evaluation of Ozone Injury to Pines in the Southern Sierra Nevada. US Forest Service Forest Insect and Disease Management, Report No. 78–1, San Francisco, California, USA: 17 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. (1969). Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, California, USA: 776 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
United States Environmental Protection Agency [cited as ‘USEPA’] (1980). Photochemical Oxidant Air Pollution Effects on a Mixed Conifer Forest Ecosystem (Ed. Taylor, O.C.). EPA.600/3-80-002, Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Walker, H.M. (1985). Ten-year ozone trends in California and Texas. Journal, Air Pollution Control Association, 35(9), pp. 903–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walner, D.W. & Fong, M. (1982). An Analysis of Ozone Injury to Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pines in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Final Survey Results [for] 1980–1982. National Park Service, Three Rivers, California, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Williams, W.T. (1980). Air pollution disease in the Californian forests: A baseline for smog disease on Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pines in the Sequoia and Los Padres National Forests. Environmental Science & Technology, 14, pp. 179–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, W.T. (1983). Tree growth and smog disease in the forests of California: Case history, Ponderosa Pine in the southern Sierra Nevada. Environmental Pollution Series A, 30, pp. 59–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, W.T. & Williams, J.A. (1984). Smog Decline of Ponderosa Pine Worsens in the Southern Sierra Nevada. Paper presented at Second Biennial Conference of Research in California's National Parks, University of California, Davis, California, USA, 5–7 September 1984, 2 pp. (mimeogr.).Google Scholar
Williams, W.T., Brady, M. & Willison, S.C. (1977). Air pollution damage to the forests of the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. Journal, Air Pollution Control Association, 27, pp. 230–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar