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Retrospective characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Antrim '73 in relation to other epidemics, past and present

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2004

K. O'DONOGHUE ,
B. LOMNICZI ,
B. McFERRAN ,
T. J. CONNOR ,
B. SEAL ,
D. KING ,
J. BANKS ,
R. MANVELL ,
P. S. WHITE  and
K. RICHMOND
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K. O'DONOGHUE
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
B. LOMNICZI
Affiliation:
Hungarian Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1581, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, Hungary
B. McFERRAN
Affiliation:
19 Knocktern Gardens, Belfast BT4 3LZ, Northern Ireland
T. J. CONNOR
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Stoney Rd., Stormount, Belfast, Northern Ireland
B. SEAL
Affiliation:
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA
D. KING
Affiliation:
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA
J. BANKS
Affiliation:
Avian Virology, Veterinary Laboratory Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
R. MANVELL
Affiliation:
Avian Virology, Veterinary Laboratory Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
P. S. WHITE
Affiliation:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
K. RICHMOND
Affiliation:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
P. JACKSON
Affiliation:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
M. HUGH-JONES
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Abstract

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In November 1973 Newcastle disease suddenly appeared in Northern Ireland, where the viscerotropic disease had not been seen in 3½ years and the two Irelands had been regarded as largely disease free for 30 years. It was successfully controlled with only 36 confirmed affected layer flocks, plus 10 more slaughtered as ‘dangerous contacts’. Contemporary investigations failed to reveal the source of the Irish epidemic. Using archival virus samples from most of the affected flocks, RT–PCR was conducted with primers selected for all six NDV genes. Phylogenetic analyses of three genes, HN, M and F, confirmed vaccine as the cause of one of the outbreaks. The other six samples were identical and closely related to previous outbreaks in the United States and western Europe initiated by infected imported Latin American parrots. The probable cause of the epidemic followed from the importation from The Netherlands of bulk feed grains contaminated with infected pigeon faeces.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 132 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 357 - 368
Copyright
© 2004 Cambridge University Press