Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-jwnkl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T15:36:57.722Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Aubry sets and the differentiability of the minimal average action in codimension one

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2009

Ugo Bessi*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Matematica, Università Roma Tre, Largo S. Leonardo Murialdo, 00146 Roma, Italy. bessi@matrm3.mat.uniroma3.it
Get access

Abstract

Let ${\cal L}$(x,u,u) be a Lagrangian periodic of period 1 in x1,...,xn,u. We shall study the non self intersecting functions u: Rn${\to}$R minimizing ${\cal L}$; non self intersecting means that, if u(x0 + k) + j = u(x0) for some x0Rn and (k , j) Zn × Z, then u(x) = u(x + k) + j$\;\forall$x. Moser has shown that each of these functions is at finite distance from a plane u = ρ$\cdot$x and thus has an average slope ρ; moreover, Senn has proven that it is possible to define the average action of u, which is usually called $\beta(\rho)$ since it only depends on the slope of u. Aubry and Senn have noticed a connection between $\beta(\rho)$ and the theory of crystals in ${\bf R}^{n+1}$, interpreting $\beta(\rho)$ as the energy per area of a crystal face normal to $(-\rho,1)$. The polar of β is usually called -α; Senn has shown that α is C1 and that the dimension of the flat of α which contains c depends only on the “rational space” of $\alpha^\prime$(c). We prove a similar result for the faces (or the faces of the faces, etc.) of the flats of α: they are C1 and their dimension depends only on the rational space of their normals.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, SMAI, 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alberti, G., Ambrosio, L. and Cabré, X., On a long standing conjecture of De Giorgi: symmetry in 3d for general nonlinearities and a local minimality property. Acta Appl. Math. 65 (2001) 933. CrossRef
Aubry, S. and Le Daeron, P.Y., The discrete Frenkel-Kontorova model and its extensions. Physica 8D (1983) 381422.
Auer, F. and Bangert, V., Differentiability of the stable norm in codimension one. CRAS 333 (2001) 10951100.
Bangert, V., On minimal laminations of the torus. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 6 (1989) 95138. CrossRef
Bangert, V., Geodesic rays, Busemann functions and monotone twist maps. Calc. Var. 2 (1994) 4963. CrossRef
Bernard, P. and Buffoni, B., Optimal mass transportation and Mather theory. J. Eur. Math. Soc. 9 (2007) 85121. CrossRef
Burago, D., Ivanov, S. and Kleiner, B., On the structure of the stable norm of periodic metrics. Math. Res. Lett. 4 (1997) 791808. CrossRef
De Pascale, L., Gelli, M.S. and Granieri, L., Minimal measures, one-dimensional currents and the Monge-Kantorovich probem. Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 27 (2006) 123. CrossRef
K. Deimling, Nonlinear Functional Analysis. Springer, Berlin (1985).
M.P. do Carmo, Differential Forms and Applications. Springer, Berlin (1994).
G.H. Hardy and E.M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. Oxford (1980).
Massart, D., Stable norms of surfaces: local structure of the unit ball at rational directions. GAFA 7 (1997) 9961010.
Massart, D., Aubry, On sets and Mather's action functional. Israel J. Math. 134 (2003) 157171. CrossRef
Mather, J.N., Differentiability of the minimal average action as a function of the rotation number. Bol. Soc. Bras. Mat. 21 (1990) 5970. CrossRef
Mather, J.N., Action minimizing invariant measures for positive-definite Lagrangian systems. Math. Zeit. 207 (1991) 169207. CrossRef
Mather, J.N., Variational construction of connecting orbits. Ann. Inst. Fourier 43 (1993) 13491386. CrossRef
Moser, J., Minimal solutions of variational problems on a torus. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 3 (1989) 229272. CrossRef
Osuna, O., Vertices of Mather's beta function. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 25 (2005) 949955. CrossRef
Rabinowitz, P.H. and Stredulinsky, E., Mixed states for an Allen-Cahn type equation. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 56 (2003) 10781134. CrossRef
Senn, W., Strikte Konvexität für Variationsprobleme auf dem n-dimensionalen Torus. Manuscripta Math. 71 (1991) 4565. CrossRef
Senn, W., Differentiability properties of the minimal average action. Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 3 (1995) 343384. CrossRef
Senn, W., Equilibrium form of crystals and the stable norm. Z. angew. Math. Phys. 49 (1998) 919933. CrossRef
Taylor, J.E., Crystalline variational problems. BAMS 84 (1978) 568588. CrossRef
M.E. Taylor, Partial Differential Equations, Basic Theory Springer, Berlin (1996).
Wiener, N., The ergodic theorem. Duke Math. J 5 (1939) 118. CrossRef