Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T16:17:14.809Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Support for radical left parties in Western Europe: social background, ideology and political orientations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2014

Luis Ramiro*
Affiliation:
Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Abstract

Radical left parties (RLP) have been significant actors in many Western European party systems since the expansion of mass democracy. In some cases, they have been very relevant forces in terms of popular support. Despite this fact, they have not received a great deal of attention in past decades from a comparative perspective. Through examination of the role of an important set of factors, this article provides, for the first time, a cross-national empirical account of the variation in voting for RLPs across Western Europe, based on individual-level data. It evaluates the effect of key socio-demographic and attitudinal individual-level variables on the RLP vote. The findings point to the continuing relevance of some social and political factors traditionally associated with votes for RLPs, and to the relevance of attitudinal variables.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© European Consortium for Political Research 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agosti, A. (1999), Bandiere Rosse. Un Profilo Storico dei Comunismi Europei, Rome: Editori Riuniti.Google Scholar
Arzheimer, K. and Carter, E. (2006), ‘Political opportunity structures and right-wing extremist party success’, European Journal of Political Research 45(3): 419443.Google Scholar
Backes, U. and Moreau, P. (eds) (2008), Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, Götingen: Vandenhoek and Ruprecht.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartolini, S. (2000), The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860–1980, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bell, D.S. (ed.) (1993a), Western European Communists and the Collapse of Communism, Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Bell, D.S. (1993b), Introduction’, in D.S. Bell (ed.), Western European Communists and the Collapse of Communism, Oxford: Berg, pp. 113.Google Scholar
Bosco, A. (2000), Comunisti. Transformazioni di partito in Italia, Spagna e Portogallo, Bologna: Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Botella, J. and Ramiro, L. (eds) (2003), The Crisis of Communism and Party Change: The Evolution of Western European Communist and Post-Communist Parties, Barcelona: ICPS.Google Scholar
Bowyer, B.T. and Vail, M.I. (2011), ‘Economic insecurity, the social market economy and support for the German left’, West European Politics 34(4): 683705.Google Scholar
Bull, M. (1994), ‘The West European Communist movement: past, present and future’, in M. Bull and P. Heywood (eds), West European Communists Parties After the Revolutions of 1989, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 203222.Google Scholar
Bull, M. (1995), ‘The West European Communist movement in the late twentieth century’, West European Politics 18(1): 7897.Google Scholar
Bull, M. and Heywood, P. (eds) (1994), West European Communist Parties After the Revolutions of 1989, London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Castles, F.G. and Mair, P. (1984), ‘Left–right political scales: some “expert” judgements’, European Journal of Political Research 12(1): 7388.Google Scholar
Chiche, J., Haegel, F. and Tiberj, V. (2002), ‘La fragmentation partisane’, in G. Grunberg, N. Mayer and P.M. Sniderman (eds), La Démocratie à l’Epreuve, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, pp 203237.Google Scholar
Clark, T.N., Lipset, S.M. and Rempel, M. (1993), ‘The declining political significance of social class’, International Sociology 8(3): 293316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crewe, I. (1991), ‘Labor force changes, working class decline, and labour vote’, in F.P. Piven (ed.), Labor Parties in Postindustrial Societies, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 2046.Google Scholar
Doerschler, P. and Banaszak, L.A. (2007), ‘Voter support for the German PDS over time: dissatisfaction, ideology, losers and East identity’, Electoral Studies 26(2): 359370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunphy, R. (2004), Contesting Capitalism? Left Parties and European Integration, Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
EES (2008), EES Trend File. Version 0.96. Retrieved 30 January 2014 from www.ees-homepage.net/ Google Scholar
EES (2009), European Parliament Election Study 2009. Voter Study Final, Advance Release. Retrieved 30 January 2014 from www.ees-homepage.net/ Google Scholar
Franklin, M., Mackie, T. and Valen, H. (eds) (1992), Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures in Western Countries, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gijsberts, M. and Nieuwbeerta, P. (2000), ‘Class cleavages in party preferences in the new democracies in Eastern Europe: a comparison with Western democracies’, European Societies 2(4): 397430.Google Scholar
Gomez, R. (2012), Changing choices, changing elections: a study of volatility and vote-switching in six Western European countries. PhD dissertation. Florence: European University Institute.Google Scholar
Gomez, R. (2013), ‘All that you can(not) leave behind: habituation and voter loyalty in the Netherlands’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 23(2): 134153.Google Scholar
González, J. (2004), ‘Las bases sociales de la política española’, Revista Española de Sociología 4: 119142.Google Scholar
Gray, M. and Caul, M. (2000), ‘Declining voter turnout in advanced industrial democracies, 1950 to 1997’, Comparative Political Studies 33(9): 10911122.Google Scholar
Hainsworth, P. (1996), ‘At the front’, West European Politics 19(3): 649654.Google Scholar
Huber, J.D. and Inglehart, R. (1995), ‘Expert interpretations of party space and party locations in 42 societies’, Party Politics 1(1): 73111.Google Scholar
Hudson, K. (2000), European Communism Since 1989. Towards a New European Left? Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Hudson, K. (2012), The New European Left. A Socialism for the Twenty-First Century? Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Ignazi, P. (1992), ‘The silent counter revolution: hypotheses on the emergence of the extreme right-wing parties in Europe’, European Journal of Political Research 22(1): 333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, J. and Evans, M.D.R. (1995), ‘Class and class conflict in six Western nations’, American Sociological Review 60(2): 157178.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, H. (1989), The Logics of Party Formation: Ecological Politics in Belgium and West Germany, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, H. (1994), The Transformation of European Social Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Knapp, A. (2004), Parties and the Party System in France: A Disconnected Democracy? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Knutsen, O. (1988), ‘Expert judgements of the left-right location of political parties: a comparative longitudinal study’, West European Politics 21(2): 6394.Google Scholar
Lavabre, M. and Platone, F. (2003), Que Reste-t-il du PCF? Paris: Editions Autrement.Google Scholar
Laver, M. and Hunt, W.B. (1992), Policy and Party Competition, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lazar, M. (1988), ‘Communism in Western Europe in the 1980s’, Journal of Communist Studies 4(3): 243257.Google Scholar
Lazar, M. (2000), ‘Fin-de-siècle communism in Western Europe’, Dissent 47(1): 6265.Google Scholar
Lipset, M. and Rokkan, S. (eds) (1967), Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives, New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Lubbers, M. and Scheepers, P. (2000), ‘Individual and contextual characteristics of the German Republikaner vote: a test of complementary theories’, European Journal of Political Research 38(1): 6394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubbers, M., Gijsberts, M. and Scheepers, P. (2002), ‘Extreme right-wing voting in Western Europe’, European Journal of Political Research 41(3): 345378.Google Scholar
Magri, L. (2011), The Tailor of Ulm. Communism in the Twentieth Century, London: Verso.Google Scholar
March, L. (2011), Radical Left Parties in Europe, Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
March, L. and Rommerskirchen, C. (2011), ‘Explaining electoral success and failure’, in L. March (ed.), Radical Left Parties in Europe, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 180–200.Google Scholar
March, L. and Rommerskirchen, C. (2012), ‘Out of left field? Explaining the variable electoral success of European radical left parties’, Party Politics, doi: 10.1177/1354068812462929.Google Scholar
Mayer, N. (1999), Ces Français qui Votent FN, Paris: Flammarian.Google Scholar
Mayer, N. and Perrineau, P. (1989), Le Front National a decouvert, Paris: FNSP.Google Scholar
Michelat, G. and Simon, M. (2004), Les Ouvriers et la Politique, Paris: Presses des Sciences Po.Google Scholar
Moschonas, G. (2002), In the Name of Social Democracy: The Great Transformation, 1945 to the Present, London: Verso.Google Scholar
Nieuwbeerta, P. (1995), The Democratic Class Struggle in Twenty Countries, 1945–1990, Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers.Google Scholar
Nieuwbeerta, P. and Ganzeboom, H.B. (1996), International Social Mobility and Politics File. Steinmetz Archive Dataset P1145, Amsterdam: Steinmetz Archive.Google Scholar
Nieuwbeerta, P. and Ganzeboom, H.B. (2000), International Social Cleavage and Politics File, Amsterdam: Steinmetz Archive.Google Scholar
Norris, P. (2002), Democratic Phoenix. Reinventing Political Activism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oijevaar, J. and Kraaykamp, G.L.M. (2005), ‘Links in beeld. Een explorerend onderzoek naar de sociale kenmerken van extreme links in Nederland’, Mens en Maatschappij 80(3): 239256.Google Scholar
Pharr, S. and Putnam, R. (eds) (2000), Disaffected Democracies, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Piven, F.P. (1991), ‘The decline of labor parties: an overview’, in F.P. Piven (ed.), Labor Parties in Postindustrial Societies, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 119.Google Scholar
Przeworski, A. and Sprague, J. (1986), Paper Stones. A History of Electoral Socialism, Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Ranger, J (1986), ‘Le déclin du Parti Communiste Français’, Revue française de Science Politique 36(1): 4663.Google Scholar
Sartori, G. (1976), Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sperber, N. (2010), ‘Three million Trotskysts? Explaining extreme left voting in France in the 2002 presidential election’, European Journal of Political Research 49(3): 359392.Google Scholar
Taggart, P. and Szczerbiak, A. (2008), Opposing Europe? The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tannahill, R.N. (1978), The Communist Parties of Western Europe: A Comparative Study, Westport: Greenwood.Google Scholar
van der Brug, W., Fennema, M. and Tillie, J. (2005), ‘Why some anti-immigrant parties fail and others succeed: a two-step model of aggregate electoral support’, Comparative Political Studies 38(5): 537573.Google Scholar
Visser, M., Lubbers, M., Kraaykamp, G. and Jaspers, E. (2014), ‘Support for radical left ideologies in Europe’, European Journal of Political Research 53(3): 541558.Google Scholar
Waller, M. (1989), ‘The radical sources of the crisis in West European communist parties’, Political Studies 37(1): 3961.Google Scholar
Waller, M. and Fennema, M. (eds) (1988), Communist Parties in Western Europe. Decline or Adaptation?, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wilson, F.L. (1992), ‘Communism at the crossroads: changing roles in Western democracies’, Problems of Communism 41(3): 95106.Google Scholar
Wilson, F.L. (1993), The Failure of West European Communism: Implications for the Future, New York: Paragon.Google Scholar