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El alelo A1 del gen del receptor D2 de dopamina (polimorfismos Taql A) se asocia con personalidad antisocial en una muestra de pacientes dependientes de alcohol

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

G. Ponce ,
M. A. Jiménez-Arriero ,
G. Rubio ,
J. Hoenicka ,
I. Ampuero ,
J. A. Ramos  and
T. Palomo
G. Ponce
Affiliation:
Unidad de conductas adictivas, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Edificio de Medicina Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041Madrid, España
M. A. Jiménez-Arriero
Affiliation:
Unidad de conductas adictivas, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Edificio de Medicina Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041Madrid, España
G. Rubio
Affiliation:
Unidad de conductas adictivas, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Edificio de Medicina Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041Madrid, España
J. Hoenicka
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
I. Ampuero
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
J. A. Ramos
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
T. Palomo
Affiliation:
Unidad de conductas adictivas, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Edificio de Medicina Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041Madrid, España
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Resumen

Propósito:

La presencia del alelo Al del gen del receptor D2 de dopamina se ha asociado con predisposición al alcoholismo, aunque hay datos limitados sobre su expresión fenotípica en el alcoholismo.

Objetivos:

Determinar la importancia del alelo Al en las variables clínicas de la dependencia de alcohol.

Metodología:

Se estudió una muestra de 103 varones dependientes de alcohol. Se seleccionó a todos los pacientes consecutivamente del hospital general y entornos comunitarios. Los diagnósticos se hicieron con la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para el DSM-III-R (SCID), y el Examen Internacional del Trastorno de la Personalidad (IPDE). El diagnóstico de alcoholismo familiar se hizo por entrevista directa o con los Criterios Diagnósticos para la Investigación-Historia Familiar (RDC-FH). Se utilizó el Índice de Gravedad de la Adicción (ASI) y la Escala de Gravedad de la Dependencia de Alcohol (SADS) para evaluar la gravedad de la dependencia del alcohol. La genotipación se hizo por los métodos de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RCP) y polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción (PLFR).

Resultados:

El treinta y nueve por ciento aproximadamente de la muestra portaba el alelo Al (grupo A1+). Este grupo tenía prevalencias más altas de trastorno antisocial de la personalidad (60% frente a 15,9%) e historia familiar de alcoholismo (72,5% frente a 52,4%). Además, el grupo A1+ tenía un comienzo temprano del abuso de alcohol y más problemas con la bebida. La presencia de A1+ era el factor principal que explicaba el diagnóstico de trastorno antisocial de la personalidad, pero el peso de este factor no era suficiente para explicar las complicaciones evaluadas por el ASI.

Conclusiones:

Nuestros resultados apoyan la existencia de una asociación entre el alelo Al y factores derivados de la deficiencia dopaminérgica, denominada de otro modo síndrome de deficiencia de la recompensa.

Keywords

trastorno por uso de alcoholreceptor D2 de dopaminaalelo A1trastorno antisocial de la personalidadevolución
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , February 2004 , pp. 46 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2004

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