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Association between excessive frontal cerebrospinal fluid and illness duration in males but not in females with schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Vicente Molina ,
Javier Sanz ,
Fernando Sarramea ,
José M. Misiego ,
Carlos Benito  and
Tomás Palomo
Vicente Molina*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007Salamanca, Spain
Javier Sanz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Doce de Octube, Madrid, Spain
Fernando Sarramea
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
José M. Misiego
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007Salamanca, Spain
Carlos Benito
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
Tomás Palomo
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007Salamanca, Spain
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address: vmolina@usal.es (V. Molina).
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Abstract

Objective

Excessive cortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been acknowledged as a possible marker of a gray matter loss. This excess in schizophrenia is found predominantly in the prefrontal and temporal regions. We hypothesized that the poorer global outcome and treatment response in males with schizophrenia are related to a greater cortical volume loss as compared to females.

Subjects and methods

In order to test this hypothesis we have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the cortical (prefrontal, temporal, and hemispheric) CSF values in a group of 85 patients with schizophrenia, of whom 56 were males and 29, females. We calculated the residual values of CSF in the patients based on the data pertaining to 45 control subjects and linear regression, from which the normal effects of age and intracranial volume were discounted. These residual scores constitute a quantitative measurement of the excess of CSF due to the disease.

Results

Males, but not females, presented a trend-level significant excess of left prefrontal CSF. The prefrontal and temporal residual values were significantly associated with illness duration in males, but not in females.

Discussion

These results conform to the worse outcome and the higher severity of structural abnormalities generally found in schizophrenia in male subjects.

Conclusion

Our data support the hypothesis of accelerated prefrontal cortical loss in males, but not in females with schizophrenia.

Keywords

SchizophreniaPrefrontalTemporalCerebrospinal fluidDurationNeurodegeneration
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , June 2005 , pp. 332 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier SAS 2005

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Footnotes

☆

Supported in part by grants from the Dirección General de Investigación (Consejería de Educación) of the Community of Madrid (97/024), from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (98/1084 and 00/0036) and the Fundación La Caixa (99/ 00-42).

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