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Transdiagnostic Role of Glutamate and White Matter Damage in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2022

I. Luttenbacher ,
A. Philips ,
R. Kazemi ,
A. Hadipour ,
I. Sanghvi ,
J. Martinez  and
M. Adamson
I. Luttenbacher
Affiliation:
University of Amsterdam, Social And Behavioral Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Rehabilitation Service, Palo Alto, United States of America
A. Philips
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Rehabilitation Service, Palo Alto, United States of America Stanford University School of Medicine, Department Of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, United States of America
R. Kazemi
Affiliation:
University of Tehran, Department Of Psychology, Cognitive Lab, Tehran, Iran University of Tehran, Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran
A. Hadipour
Affiliation:
University of Messina, Department Of Cognitive Sciences, Messina, Italy
I. Sanghvi
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Rehabilitation Service, Palo Alto, United States of America University of Southern California, Department Of Neuroscience, Los Angeles, United States of America
J. Martinez
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Rehabilitation Service, Palo Alto, United States of America Palo Alto University, Department Of Psychology, Palo Alto, United States of America
M. Adamson*
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Rehabilitation Service, Palo Alto, United States of America Stanford University School of Medicine, Department Of Neurosurgery, Stanford, United States of America
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Neuropsychiatric disorders including Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), and Schizophrenia (SZ) have been considered distinct categories of diseases despite their overlapping characteristics and symptomatology.

Objectives

We aimed to provide an in-depth review elucidating the role of glutamate/Glx and white matter (WM) abnormalities from a transdiagnostic perspective.

Methods

The PubMed online database was searched for studies published between 2010 and 2021. After careful screening, 399 studies were included.

Results

The findings point to decreased levels of glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in both SZ and BD, whereas Glx is elevated in the Hippocampus in SZ and MDD. With regard to WM abnormalities, the Corpus Callosum and superior Longitudinal Fascicle were the most consistently identified brain regions showing decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) across all the reviewed disorders, except GAD. Additionally, the Uncinate Fasciculus was found to be affected in all the reviewed disorders, except OCD. Decreased FA was also found in the inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus, inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus, Thalamic Radiation, and Corona Radiata in SZ, BD, and MDD. Decreased FA in the Fornix and Corticospinal Tract were found in BD and SZ patients. The Cingulum and Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule exhibited decreased FA in MDD and SZ patients.

Conclusions

The results suggest a gradual increase in severity from GAD to SZ defined by the number of brain regions with WM abnormality which may be partially caused by abnormal glutamate levels. WM damage could thus be considered a potential marker of some of the main neuropsychiatric disorders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Keywords

White matterTransdiagnosticNeuropsychiatric DisordersGlutamate
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 65 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 30th European Congress of Psychiatry , June 2022 , pp. S164 - S165
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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