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Towards the Reliable Prediction of Time to Flowering in Six Annual Crops. II. Soyabean (Glycine Max)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

R. J. Summerfield ,
R. J. Lawn ,
A. QI ,
R. H. Ellis ,
E. H. Roberts ,
P. M. Chay ,
J. B. Brouwer ,
J. L. Rose ,
S. Shanmugasundaram  and
S. J. Yeates
...Show all authors
R. J. Summerfield
Affiliation:
University of Reading, Department of Agriculture, Plant Environment Laboratory, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AD, England
R. J. Lawn
Affiliation:
CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, The Cunningham Laboratory, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
A. QI
Affiliation:
University of Reading, Department of Agriculture, Plant Environment Laboratory, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AD, England
R. H. Ellis
Affiliation:
University of Reading, Department of Agriculture, Plant Environment Laboratory, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AD, England
E. H. Roberts
Affiliation:
University of Reading, Department of Agriculture, Plant Environment Laboratory, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AD, England
P. M. Chay
Affiliation:
CSIRO Davies Laboratory, Private Mail Bag, PO Aitkenvale, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia
J. B. Brouwer
Affiliation:
Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia
J. L. Rose
Affiliation:
Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Hermitage Research Station, via Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia
S. Shanmugasundaram
Affiliation:
The Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), PO Box 42, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan 74199, Republic of China
S. J. Yeates
Affiliation:
Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, PO Box 1346, Katherine, Northern Territory 0851, Australia
S. Sandover
Affiliation:
Western Australia Department of Agriculture, PO Box 19, Kununurra Regional Office, Western Australia 6743
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Summary

Eleven genotypes of soyabean (Glycine max) of tropical, sub-tropical and temperate origin and one accession of G. soja were grown in six locations in Australia during 1986–88, and at one location in Australia and two in Taiwan during 1989–91. Dates of sowing were varied within and among locations so as to expose plants to as many as 32 environments of widely different diurnal temperature and daylength. Times from sowing to flowering (f) were recorded, from which rates of progress towards flowering (1/f) were calculated. These derived data were then related to mean pre-flowering values of temperature (T¯) and photoperiod (P) using a three-plane linear model developed from controlled environment data. Among genotypes, mean values of f varied between 24–49 d and between 139–291 d in the most- and least-inductive environments, respectively. These differences were associated with variations in P from about 11 to 16 h d-1, in daily mean maximum temperatures from about 17° to 36°C, in daily mean minimum temperatures from about 5° to 25°C, and in T¯ from about 11° to 30°C, that is, a very wide range of photothermal regimes. The relations of 1/f to T¯ and P can be described in photoperiod-insensitive genotypes by a thermal plane defined by two constants, a and b, and additionally by a photothermal plane defined by three constants, a′, b′ and c′, in the more numerous photoperiod-sensitive genotypes. If photoperiod-sensitive genotypes are grown in sufficiently long days then a third photoperiod and temperature-insensitive plane is exposed, defined by a constant, d′; this plane indicates the maximum delay in flowering of which the genotype is capable. The constants a′, b′, c′ and d′ define the delay in flowering caused by photoperiod-sensitivity genes. The two intercepts between the three planes define, respectively, the critical photoperiod, Pc, above which increase in daylength delays flowering, and the ceiling photoperiod, Pcc, above which there is no further delay. The values of the six constants for any genotype can be estimated from observations of fin several natural environments. Comparisons between years in Australia and between Australia and Taiwan show that these genotypic constants can predict 1/f, and so the time taken to flower, given data on latitude, sowing date and daily values of maximum and minimum air temperatures. This model is more accurate than an alternative logistic model; we also believe that all six constants in the three-plane rate model described here have biological meaning. They indicate separate genetic control of flowering responses to P and T¯ and could form a rational basis for the genetic characterization and analysis of these responses in the soyabean germplasm.

Pronóstico del momento de floración II

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , July 1993 , pp. 253 - 289
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

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